Tyssen Reidar
Department of Behavioural Sciences in Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Ind Health. 2007 Oct;45(5):599-610. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.45.599.
This paper provides an overview of recent Norwegian and international research into physicians' health problems and their use of health services, with a particular focus on more recent studies relating to The Norwegian Physicians' Survey. The review suggests that physicians' physical health is similar to the general population, although female physicians tend to be in better health than other women. Some mental disorders such as depression and suicide appear to be more prevalent. Mental health problems are known to be associated with low work control (autonomy), time pressure and demanding patients. There is little difference between the genders early in their career, but more female than male physicians seem to experience problems later on. Physicians seldom take sick leave, and tend to make less use of primary health care and some screening facilities. Self-treatment is common -- even for mental problems. American impaired physician programmes have demonstrated high recovery rates (70-80%), and increasing emphasis is now being placed on psychiatric diagnoses. As certain mental disorders appear to be common among physicians, specialist psychiatric services should be made more accessible for this group. A low-threshold facility for seeking help with such problems has recently been developed in Norway (the Villa Sana Resource Centre).
本文概述了挪威和国际上近期对医生健康问题及其医疗服务利用情况的研究，特别关注与《挪威医生调查》相关的最新研究。该综述表明，医生的身体健康状况与普通人群相似，不过女医生的健康状况往往比其他女性更好。一些精神障碍，如抑郁症和自杀，似乎更为普遍。已知心理健康问题与工作控制度低（自主性）、时间压力和难缠的患者有关。在职业生涯早期，性别之间差异不大，但后期似乎有更多女医生而非男医生出现问题。医生很少请病假，而且往往较少利用初级医疗保健和一些筛查设施。自我治疗很常见——即使是针对心理问题。美国的受损医生项目已显示出较高的康复率（70 - 80%），目前对精神疾病诊断的重视程度也在不断提高。由于某些精神障碍在医生中似乎很常见，应该为这一群体提供更容易获得的专科精神科服务。挪威最近设立了一个低门槛机构（维拉·萨纳资源中心），用于处理此类问题的求助事宜。
