Sperry K
Department of Forensic Sciences, Georgia Bureau of Investigation, Atlanta, GA 30303.
Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 1991 Dec;12(4):313-9. doi: 10.1097/00000433-199112000-00008.
Most medical examiners and pathologists who routinely perform autopsies identify tattoos on a daily basis. However, these dermagraphics generally are given only cursory inspection and description, if at all, although many pathologists photograph particularly unique, unusual, or bizarre examples. From a medicolegal perspective, these permanent skin designs are most often used as identification markers, especially in cases of unknown or questionable identity. The majority of pathologists and other physicians are not familiar with the way in which tattoos are applied, much less the history of this unusual art or the various aspects of tattoos that may provide even more complete information as to how, where, why, and when the tattoos were done. This article, the first of three parts, provides a brief but comprehensive history of tattooing from both the worldwide and Western perspectives, describes how professional tattooing is done, and illustrates the machines involved and the various constituents of the inks that are currently used. The second and third articles will explore the gross and histopathology of tattoos, methods of tattoo removal, medical applications and complications associated with tattoos, psychology and psychopathology of tattoos, and the importance of tattoos in forensic medicine.
大多数经常进行尸检的法医和病理学家每天都会发现纹身。然而，这些皮肤标记通常只是被粗略地检查和描述，如果有描述的话，尽管许多病理学家会拍摄特别独特、不寻常或奇异的纹身示例。从法医学角度来看，这些永久性的皮肤图案最常被用作身份识别标记，尤其是在身份不明或有疑问的案件中。大多数病理学家和其他医生并不熟悉纹身的方式，更不了解这种独特艺术的历史，以及纹身的各个方面，而这些方面可能会提供关于纹身的方式、地点、原因和时间的更完整信息。本文是三篇系列文章中的第一篇，从全球和西方的视角简要而全面地介绍了纹身的历史，描述了专业纹身的操作方法，并展示了所涉及的机器以及当前使用的纹身墨水的各种成分。第二篇和第三篇文章将探讨纹身的大体和组织病理学、纹身去除方法、与纹身相关的医学应用和并发症、纹身的心理学和精神病理学，以及纹身在法医学中的重要性。
