Knubben J M, Furst A, Gygax L, Stauffacher M
Institute of Animal Sciences, Physiology and Behaviour, ETH Zurich, LFW B55.1, CH-8092 Zurich.
Equine Vet J. 2008 May;40(3):219-23. doi: 10.2746/042516408X253118.
Studies on the prevalence and predisposing factors of bite and kick injuries in horses have not been reported in a population-based data sample.
To investigate the prevalence of bite and kick injuries in horses and associated risk factors in a representative sample of horses in Switzerland.
A questionnaire on the incidence of disease and injury, which included the frequency of bite and kick injuries and their association with breed, housing, use and feeding regime, was sent to 2559 horse owners randomly selected throughout Switzerland.
The data of 2912 horses with 897 disorders diagnosed by a veterinarian were analysed. There were 231 injuries, 50 (21.6%) caused by a bite or kick from another horse; this number corresponded to 5.6% of all diseases and injuries and concerned only 1.7% of all the horses evaluated. Warmblood, Thoroughbred and Arabian horses had a 4.3 times higher risk of bite or kick injuries than horses of other breeds. Eighteen per cent of injuries were associated with a change in housing management and occurred regardless of whether horses were kept in groups permanently or sporadically.
A stable group hierarchy and a housing system that provides adequate space and is adapted to horse-specific behaviour are important factors in prevention and kick and bite injuries.
基于人群的数据样本中尚未有关于马咬伤和踢伤的患病率及诱发因素的研究报道。
调查瑞士具有代表性的马样本中咬伤和踢伤的患病率及相关危险因素。
向瑞士各地随机抽取的2559名马主发送了一份关于疾病和损伤发生率的问卷，其中包括咬伤和踢伤的发生频率及其与品种、饲养方式、用途和喂养方式的关联。
分析了2912匹马的数据，这些马中有897种疾病由兽医诊断。共有231处损伤，其中50处（21.6%）是由另一匹马的咬伤或踢伤所致；这个数字相当于所有疾病和损伤的5.6%，且仅涉及所有评估马匹的1.7%。温血马、纯种马和阿拉伯马遭受咬伤或踢伤的风险比其他品种的马高4.3倍。18%的损伤与饲养管理的变化有关，无论马匹是长期还是偶尔成群饲养都会发生。
稳定的群体等级制度以及能提供足够空间并适应马匹特定行为的饲养系统是预防踢伤和咬伤的重要因素。
