Cortes Nelson, Onate James, Abrantes Joao, Gagen Linda, Dowling Elizabeth, Van Lunen Bonnie
Sports Medicine Research Laboratory, ESPER Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
J Appl Biomech. 2007 Nov;23(4):289-99. doi: 10.1123/jab.23.4.289.
The purpose of this study was to assess kinematic lower extremity motion patterns (hip flexion, knee flexion, knee valgus, and ankle dorsiflexion) during various foot-landing techniques (self-preferred, forefoot, and rear foot) between genders. 3-D kinematics were collected on 50 (25 male and 25 female) college-age recreational athletes selected from a sample of convenience. Separate repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to analyze each variable at three time instants (initial contact, peak vertical ground reaction force, and maximum knee flexion angle). There were no significant differences found between genders at the three instants for each variable. At initial contact, the forefoot technique (35.79 degrees +/- 11.78 degrees ) resulted in significantly (p = .001) less hip flexion than did the self-preferred (41.25 degrees +/- 12.89 degrees ) and rear foot (43.15 degrees +/- 11.77 degrees ) techniques. At peak vertical ground reaction force, the rear foot technique (26.77 degrees +/- 9.49 degrees ) presented significantly lower (p = .001) knee flexion angles as compared with forefoot (58.77 degrees +/- 20.00 degrees ) and self-preferred (54.21 degrees +/- 23.78 degrees ) techniques. A significant difference for knee valgus angles (p = .001) was also found between landing techniques at peak vertical ground reaction force. The self-preferred (4.12 degrees +/- 7.51 degrees ) and forefoot (4.97 degrees +/- 7.90 degrees ) techniques presented greater knee varus angles as compared with the rear foot technique (0.08 degrees +/- 6.52 degrees ). The rear foot technique created more ankle dorsiflexion and less knee flexion than did the other techniques. The lack of gender differences can mean that lower extremity injuries (e.g., ACL tears) may not be related solely to gender but may instead be associated with the landing technique used and, consequently, the way each individual absorbs jump-landing energy.
本研究的目的是评估不同性别在采用各种足部着地技术（自我偏好、前脚掌、后脚掌）时下肢的运动模式（髋关节屈曲、膝关节屈曲、膝外翻和踝关节背屈）。从便利样本中选取了50名（25名男性和25名女性）大学年龄的休闲运动员，收集其三维运动学数据。采用单独的重复测量方差分析，在三个时间点（初始接触、垂直地面反作用力峰值和最大膝关节屈曲角度）分析每个变量。在每个变量的三个时间点上，未发现性别之间存在显著差异。在初始接触时，前脚掌技术（35.79度±11.78度）导致的髋关节屈曲明显（p = 0.001）少于自我偏好技术（41.25度±12.89度）和后脚掌技术（43.15度±11.77度）。在垂直地面反作用力峰值时，后脚掌技术（26.77度±9.49度）的膝关节屈曲角度明显低于（p = 0.001）前脚掌技术（58.77度±20.00度）和自我偏好技术（54.21度±23.78度）。在垂直地面反作用力峰值时，着地技术之间的膝外翻角度也存在显著差异（p = 0.001）。与后脚掌技术（0.08度±6.52度）相比，自我偏好技术（4.12度±7.51度）和前脚掌技术（4.97度±7.90度）呈现出更大的膝内翻角度。后脚掌技术比其他技术产生更多的踝关节背屈和更少的膝关节屈曲。缺乏性别差异可能意味着下肢损伤（例如前交叉韧带撕裂）可能不仅仅与性别有关，而是可能与所采用的着地技术有关，因此与每个人吸收跳跃着地能量的方式有关。
