Li Qingbo, Zhang Haibo, Luo Yongming, Song Jing, Wu Longhua, Ma Jianmin
Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2008 Jan;27(1):24-30. doi: 10.1897/07-160.1.
Organochlorine pesticides were used extensively in the Yangtze River Delta, China. However, knowledge about their residual levels and environmental fates in soils of this area is limited. This paper presents the residue isomers and spatial pattern of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in soils across 17 main cities in the Yangtze River Delta. Forty-three soil surface (0-15 cm) samples were collected during a field campaign conducted in October 2003 in the Delta. Six DDT isomers (1-[2-chlorophenyl]-1-[4-chlorophenyl]-2,2-dichloroethane [o,p'-DDD], 1-[2-chlorophenyl]-1-[4-chlorophenyl]-2,2-dichloroethylene [o,p-'DDE], 1,1,1-trichloro-2-[p-chlorophenyl]-2-[o-chlorophenyl]ethane [o,p'-DDT], p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane [p,p'-DDD], p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene [p,p'-DDE], p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane [p,p'-DDT]) were detected using gas chromatography. The results show that p,p'-DDE was the dominant isomer in the soil samples. The levels of DDT are generally low in soils of this area and are comparable to DDT levels in other cities in China and in soils from developed countries such as the United States and Germany. The isomer ratios of o,p'-DDT to p,p'-DDT and DDT to (DDD + DDE) were employed to identify the source of DDT. The computed ratios implied that the source of DDT might be related to the application of dicofol, an acaricide manufactured from technical DDTs and mainly used on cotton fields to treat mites.
有机氯农药曾在中国长江三角洲地区广泛使用。然而，关于该地区土壤中有机氯农药残留水平及其环境归宿的了解有限。本文介绍了长江三角洲17个主要城市土壤中滴滴涕（DDT）的残留异构体及空间分布格局。2003年10月在该三角洲进行实地采样时，采集了43个土壤表层（0 - 15厘米）样本。采用气相色谱法检测了6种滴滴涕异构体（1 - [2 - 氯苯基]-1 - [4 - 氯苯基]-2,2 - 二氯乙烷 [o,p'-DDD]、1 - [2 - 氯苯基]-1 - [4 - 氯苯基]-2,2 - 二氯乙烯 [o,p'-DDE]、1,1,1 - 三氯 - 2 - [对氯苯基]-2 - [邻氯苯基]乙烷 [o,p'-DDT]、p,p'-二氯二苯基二氯乙烷 [p,p'-DDD]、p,p'-二氯二苯基二氯乙烯 [p,p'-DDE]、p,p'-二氯二苯基三氯乙烷 [p,p'-DDT]）。结果表明，p,p'-DDE是土壤样本中的主要异构体。该地区土壤中滴滴涕含量总体较低，与中国其他城市以及美国和德国等发达国家土壤中的滴滴涕含量相当。采用o,p'-DDT与p,p'-DDT以及滴滴涕与（DDD + DDE）的异构体比例来确定滴滴涕的来源。计算得出的比例表明，滴滴涕的来源可能与三氯杀螨醇的使用有关，三氯杀螨醇是以工业用滴滴涕为原料生产的杀螨剂，主要用于棉田防治螨虫。
