Kirk Julienne K, Graves Darby E, Craven Timothy E, Lipkin Edward W, Austin Mary, Margolis Karen L
Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2008 Jan;108(1):91-100. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2007.10.003.
Many current popular weight-loss diets advocate restricting carbohydrates, but risks and benefits of these diets for patients with diabetes is unclear. We searched for articles published in English between 1980 and April 2006 regarding carbohydrate-restricted diets that included and reported separate results for adult, nonpregnant patients with type 2 diabetes. Articles were limited to studies completed in the United States and Canada. Available data on study design; carbohydrate composition of diet; duration of diet; and the outcomes of weight, lipid levels (total, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides), hemoglobin A1c percent and/or fasting glucose were extracted. A total of 56 studies or reviews were evaluated. Thirteen studies met our inclusion criteria. Meta-regression analyses show that hemoglobin A1c, fasting glucose, and some lipid fractions (triglycerides) improved with lower carbohydrate-content diets. Overall effect on weight was equivocal among the studies evaluated in this meta-analysis. Randomized, controlled studies of restricted-carbohydrate diets in patients with diabetes need to be conducted in order to evaluate the overall sustainability of outcomes and long-term safety.
目前许多流行的减肥饮食法都提倡限制碳水化合物的摄入，但这些饮食法对糖尿病患者的风险和益处尚不清楚。我们检索了1980年至2006年4月期间以英文发表的关于限制碳水化合物饮食的文章，这些文章纳入并报告了成年非妊娠2型糖尿病患者的单独研究结果。文章仅限于在美国和加拿大完成的研究。提取了有关研究设计、饮食中的碳水化合物成分、饮食持续时间以及体重、血脂水平（总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇以及甘油三酯）、糖化血红蛋白百分比和/或空腹血糖等结果的可用数据。共评估了56项研究或综述。13项研究符合我们的纳入标准。Meta回归分析表明，碳水化合物含量较低的饮食可改善糖化血红蛋白、空腹血糖和一些血脂成分（甘油三酯）。在这项Meta分析评估的研究中，对体重的总体影响并不明确。需要对糖尿病患者进行限制碳水化合物饮食的随机对照研究，以评估结果的总体可持续性和长期安全性。
