Altered calcium handling following the recombinant overexpression of protein kinase C isoforms in HaCaT cells.

Both changes in intracellular calcium concentration (Ca(2+)) and activation of certain protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms play a crucial role in keratinocyte functions. To better understand the interaction between these two signalling pathways we investigated the resting Ca(2+) and the extracellular ATP-induced changes in Ca(2+) on HaCaT cell clones overexpressing either the classical alpha or the beta PKC isoform. These PKC isoenzymes were previously shown to decrease (alpha) or increase (beta) cell proliferation and augment (alpha) or suppress (beta) cell differentiation. Keratinocyte clones with decreased proliferation rate were found to have unaltered resting Ca(2+), but responded with greater calcium transients to the application of 180 mum of ATP. In contrast, clones with increased proliferation rate had elevated resting Ca(2+) and suppressed calcium responses to ATP. Calcium transients on PKCbeta clones displayed a faster falling phase. Each clone had a distinct purinergic receptor expression pattern, some of which paralleled the altered proliferation rate and calcium handling. Keratinocytes overexpressing PKCbeta revealed decreased P2X1 and increased P2Y1 receptor expression as compared with the control or PKCalpha clones. The expression level of P2X7 was significantly increased in keratinocytes overexpressing PKCalpha. On the other hand neither the P2X2 nor the P2Y2 expression was altered significantly in the cell types investigated. These data indicate that a modified proliferation and differentiation pattern is associated with altered calcium handling in keratinocytes. The observations also suggest that different PKC isoenzymes have different effects on the phosphatidyl-inositol signalling pathway.