Biros Michelle H
Department of Emergency Medicine, MC-825, Hennepin County Medical Center, University of Minnesota, 701 Park Avenue, Minneapolis, MN 55408, USA.
Sci Eng Ethics. 2007 Sep;13(3):361-9. doi: 10.1007/s11948-007-9020-y. Epub 2007 Jul 28.
The ethical concept of Informed Consent provides individuals with the right and the opportunity to approve of events that will occur regarding his or her own person. In medicine, informed consent is obtained for treatment and for research participation. However, under some circumstances, prospective informed consent cannot be obtained because of the devastating clinical condition of the patient. In emergency circumstances, treatment is never withheld if obtaining informed consent from a critically ill person is not possible or if a delay while seeking surrogates would further endanger life. In emergency research circumstances, waiving informed consent for study participation is fraught with additional ethical considerations. This article will review a presentation given at the June 2, 2006 conference entitled "The Ethics of Research in Emergency Medicine".
知情同意这一伦理概念赋予个人权利和机会，使其能够批准关乎自身的即将发生的事件。在医学领域，针对治疗和参与研究均需获得知情同意。然而，在某些情况下，由于患者病情严重，无法事先获得知情同意。在紧急情况下，如果无法从重症患者处获得知情同意，或者在寻找替代决策者时的延误将进一步危及生命，就绝不能延迟治疗。在紧急研究情况下，放弃研究参与的知情同意会引发更多伦理考量。本文将回顾在2006年6月2日会议上发表的题为“急诊医学研究的伦理”的演讲内容。
