Ng Kenneth K S, Arnold Jamie J, Cameron Craig E
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2008;320:137-56. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-75157-1_7.
RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRPs) play key roles in viral transcription and genome replication, as well as epigenetic and post-transcriptional control of cellular gene expression. In this article, we review the crystallographic, biochemical, and molecular genetic data available for viral RdRPs that have led to a detailed description of substrate and cofactor binding, fidelity of nucleotide selection and incorporation, and catalysis. It is likely that the cellular RdRPs will share some of the basic structural and mechanistic principles gleaned from studies of viral RdRPs. Therefore, studies of the viral RdRP establish a framework for the study of cellular RdRPs, an important yet understudied class of nucleic acid polymerases.
RNA 依赖性 RNA 聚合酶(RdRPs)在病毒转录、基因组复制以及细胞基因表达的表观遗传和转录后调控中发挥着关键作用。在本文中,我们综述了有关病毒 RdRPs 的晶体学、生化和分子遗传学数据,这些数据促成了对底物和辅因子结合、核苷酸选择与掺入的保真度以及催化作用的详细描述。细胞 RdRPs 可能会共享一些从病毒 RdRPs 研究中获得的基本结构和机制原理。因此,对病毒 RdRP 的研究为细胞 RdRPs 的研究建立了一个框架,细胞 RdRPs 是一类重要但研究不足的核酸聚合酶。