Stelzner F
Chirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik, der Universität, Bonn, Bundesrepublik Deutschland.
Langenbecks Arch Chir. 1991;376(2):108-20. doi: 10.1007/BF01263468.
The abdominal cavity is the most primitive body cavity. Its musculo-fascial skeleton encompasses the abdominal wall, the pelvic floor, and the diaphragm. Comparative anatomical studies have demonstrated remarkable homology in the muscular and fascial architecture of each of these structures. In addition, all muscular sheets lining the abdominal cavity display a characteristic resting tone enabling them to act as a single functional unit. During pregnancy and childbirth the abdominal wall and the pelvic floor are prone to impairment from overstretching. This damage may result in postpartum paralysis of the abdominal wall or anorectal incontinence. Insight in the special anatomic and physiologic features of the abdominal muscle sheets may lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of primary and secondary abdominal hernias as well as postpartum anorectal incontinence and may improve surgical treatment.
腹腔是最原始的体腔。其肌筋膜骨骼包括腹壁、盆底和膈肌。比较解剖学研究表明，这些结构中每一个的肌肉和筋膜结构都有显著的同源性。此外，腹腔内衬的所有肌层都表现出一种特征性的静息张力，使它们能够作为一个单一的功能单元发挥作用。在妊娠和分娩期间，腹壁和盆底容易因过度伸展而受损。这种损伤可能导致产后腹壁麻痹或肛门直肠失禁。深入了解腹肌层的特殊解剖和生理特征，可能有助于更好地理解原发性和继发性腹疝以及产后肛门直肠失禁的发病机制，并可能改善手术治疗。
