Hampton N Z, Xiao F
Department of Administration, Rehabilitation and Postsecondary Education, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 2008 Apr;52(Pt 4):299-308. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2007.01020.x.
This study examines the psychometric properties of the Mental Retardation Attitude Inventory-Revised (MRAI-R; Antonak & Harth) in Chinese college students. The research questions included: (1) Is the MRAI-R a reliable measure for Chinese college student? (2) Is the MRAI-R related to familiarity with people with intellectual disabilities (PWID) and professional training? and (3) Does the four-factor model of the MRAI-R fit the Chinese college student data?
Five hundred and thirty-four college students from China participated in the study. Descriptive, Pearson product-moment correlation, Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient and factor analyses were used to examine the reliability and validity of the MRAI-R in this Chinese college student sample.
The alpha coefficient reliability of the total scale of the MRAI-R was 0.78. The alpha coefficient reliabilities for the integration-segregation (INSE) subscale, the social distance (SDIS) subscale, the private rights (PRRT) subscale and the subtle derogatory beliefs (SUDB) subscale were 0.50 (INSE), 0.78 (SDIS), 0.50 (PRRT) and 0.21 (SUDB) respectively. Correlation analyses indicated that familiarity with PWID and professional training had a weak correlation with attitudes towards PWID. A confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the standardized factor loadings and goodness-of-fit indices were inadequate (the chi-square/degrees of freedom ratio = 3.24; the goodness-of-fit index = 0.85; the comparative fit index = 0.69; the RMSEA* = 0.07). A principal axis factoring analysis (PAF) with oblique rotation identified three factors with 25% of the variance accounted for the sample. However, the results of this PAF were factorial complex and not interpretable in that many items of the scale had double loadings on more than one factor.
The factor structure of the MRAI-R in this sample of Chinese college students did not replicate the structure found in American adults. Although the SDIS subscale of the MRAI-R appeared to be a reliable instrument among the four subscales of the MRAI-R, the reliabilities of the INSE, PRRT and SUDB subscales were low. Continuing investigations of the utility of the MRAI-R in Chinese culture is needed. Attitude instruments based on Chinese culture may be developed.
本研究考察了修订版智力迟钝态度量表（MRAI-R；Antonak和Harth编制）在中国大学生中的心理测量特性。研究问题包括：（1）MRAI-R对中国大学生而言是一种可靠的测量工具吗？（2）MRAI-R与对智力障碍者（PWID）的熟悉程度及专业培训有关吗？（3）MRAI-R的四因素模型是否适合中国大学生的数据？
534名中国大学生参与了本研究。运用描述性统计、皮尔逊积差相关、克朗巴哈α信度系数和因素分析来考察MRAI-R在中国大学生样本中的信度和效度。
MRAI-R总量表的α系数信度为0.78。整合-隔离（INSE）分量表、社会距离（SDIS）分量表、私权（PRRT）分量表和微妙贬损信念（SUDB）分量表的α系数信度分别为0.50（INSE）、0.78（SDIS）、0.50（PRRT）和0.21（SUDB）。相关分析表明，对智力障碍者的熟悉程度和专业培训与对智力障碍者的态度之间存在弱相关。验证性因素分析显示标准化因素负荷和拟合优度指数不理想（卡方/自由度比 = 3.24；拟合优度指数 = 0.85；比较拟合指数 = 0.69；近似误差均方根* = 0.07）。采用斜交旋转的主轴因素分析（PAF）确定了三个因素，占样本方差的25%。然而，该PAF的结果因素复杂，难以解释，因为量表的许多项目在多个因素上有双重负荷。
MRAI-R在中国大学生样本中的因素结构未能重现在美国成年人中发现的结构。尽管MRAI-R的SDIS分量表在MRAI-R的四个分量表中似乎是一个可靠的工具，但INSE、PRRT和SUDB分量表的信度较低。需要继续研究MRAI-R在中国文化中的效用。或许可以开发基于中国文化的态度量表。
