Ahmad Tariq, Borchert Mark, Geffner Mitchell
Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, USC Keck School of Medicine and Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2008 Mar;5(3):772-7.
Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) has a wide clinical spectrum. When it is associated with absence of the septum pellucidum, it has been termed septo-optic dysplasia. Over the past 50 years, much has been learned about ONH and its association with pituitary endocrinopathies. Causative factors have been sought that may disrupt development of the optic nerve and the hypothalamic-pituitary axis simultaneously. The endocrinological aspects of ONH require lifelong monitoring and replacement of pituitary hormones when necessary. Children with ONH are also at greater risk for structural abnormalities of the brain, and abnormalities in certain structures are positively correlated with increased risk for pituitary deficiencies. However, it has also been shown that children with ONH and "normal" head imaging can still manifest endocrinopathies. Subsequently, a long-term multidisciplinary approach, involving pediatric specialists in ophthalmology, endocrinology, neurology, and behavioral therapy, is critical to optimize growth and development of all children with ONH.
视神经发育不全（ONH）具有广泛的临床谱。当它与透明隔缺如相关时，被称为视隔发育不良。在过去50年里，人们对视神经发育不全及其与垂体内分泌病的关联有了很多了解。一直在寻找可能同时干扰视神经和下丘脑 - 垂体轴发育的致病因素。视神经发育不全的内分泌方面需要终身监测，并在必要时补充垂体激素。患有视神经发育不全的儿童发生脑结构异常的风险也更高，某些结构的异常与垂体功能减退风险增加呈正相关。然而，也有研究表明，视神经发育不全且头部影像学“正常”的儿童仍可能出现内分泌病。因此，长期的多学科方法，包括眼科、内分泌科、神经科和行为治疗方面的儿科专家，对于优化所有视神经发育不全儿童的生长发育至关重要。
