美国南佛罗里达州十里溪营养物质的时空变化及其对浮游植物生物量的影响。
Temporal and spatial variations of nutrients in the Ten Mile Creek of South Florida, USA and effects on phytoplankton biomass.
作者信息
Yang Yuangen, He Zhenli, Lin Youjian, Phlips Edward J, Yang Jinyan, Chen Guochao, Stoffella Peter J, Powell Charles A
机构信息
University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Center, 2199 S. Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA.
出版信息
J Environ Monit. 2008 Apr;10(4):508-16. doi: 10.1039/b715026a. Epub 2008 Mar 3.
Water quality throughout south Florida has been a major concern for many years. Nutrient enrichment in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) is a major surface water issue and is suggested as a possible cause of symptoms of ecological degradation. In 2005-06, water samples were collected weekly from seven sites along Ten Mile Creek (TMC), which drains into the Indian River Lagoon, to investigate and analyze spatial and temporal fluctuations of nutrients nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The objective of this study was to understand the relationships among chlorophyll a concentration, nutrient enrichment and hydrological parameters in the surface water body. High median concentrations of total P (TP, 0.272 mg L(-1)), PO4-P (0.122 mg L(-1)), and dissolved total P (DTP, 0.179 mg L(-1)); and total N (TN, 0.988 mg L(-1)), NO3(-)-N (0.104 mg L(-1)), NH4+-N (0.103 mg L(-1)), and total Kjeldahl N (TKN, 0.829 mg L(-1)), were measured in TMC. The concentrations of TP, PO4-P, DTP, TN, NO3(-)-N, NH4+-N, and TKN were higher in summer and fall than in winter and spring. However, chlorophyll a and pheophytin concentrations during this period in TMC varied in the range of 0.000-60.7 and 0.000-17.4 microg L(-1), with their median values of 3.54 and 3.02 microg L(-1), respectively. The greatest mean chlorophyll a (10.3 microg L(-1)) and pheophytin (5.71 microg L(-1)) concentrations occurred in spring, while the lowest chlorophyll a (1.49 microg L(-1)) and pheophytin (1.97 mug L(-1)) in fall. High concentrations of PO4-P (>0.16 mg L(-1)), DTP (>0.24 mg L(-1)), NO3(-)-N (>0.15 mg L(-1)), NH4+-N (>0.12 mg L(-1)), and TKN (>0.96 mg L(-1)), occurred in the upstream of TMC, while high concentrations of chlorophyll a (>6.8 mug L(-l)) and pheophytin (>3.9 microg L(-l)) were detected in the downstream of TMC. The highest chlorophyll a (11.8 mug L(-l)) and pheophytin (6.06 microg L(-l)) concentrations, however, were associated with static and open water conditions. Hydrological parameters (total dissolved solid, electrical conductivity, salinity, pH, and water temperature) were positively correlated with chlorophyll a and pheophytin concentrations (P < 0.01) and these factors overshadowed the relationships between N and P concentrations and chlorophyll a under field conditions. Principal component analysis and the ratios of DIN/DP and TN/TP in the water suggest that N is the limiting nutrient factor for phytoplankton growth in the TMC and elevated N relative to P is beneficial to the growth of phytoplankton, which is supported by laboratory culture experiments under controlled conditions.
多年来，整个南佛罗里达的水质一直是人们主要关注的问题。印度河泻湖（IRL）的营养物质富集是一个主要的地表水问题，并被认为是生态退化症状的一个可能原因。在2005 - 2006年期间，每周从排入印度河泻湖的十里溪（TMC）沿线的七个地点采集水样，以调查和分析营养物质氮（N）和磷（P）的时空波动情况。本研究的目的是了解地表水体中叶绿素a浓度、营养物质富集和水文参数之间的关系。在TMC中测得总磷（TP，0.272 mg L⁻¹）、磷酸根磷（PO₄-P，0.122 mg L⁻¹）、溶解总磷（DTP，0.179 mg L⁻¹）；以及总氮（TN，0.988 mg L⁻¹）、硝酸根氮（NO₃⁻-N，0.104 mg L⁻¹）、铵根氮（NH₄⁺-N，0.103 mg L⁻¹）和凯氏氮（TKN，0.829 mg L⁻¹）的中位数浓度较高。TP、PO₄-P、DTP、TN、NO₃⁻-N、NH₄⁺-N和TKN的浓度在夏季和秋季高于冬季和春季。然而，在此期间TMC中的叶绿素a和脱镁叶绿素浓度在0.000 - 60.7和0.000 - 17.4 μg L⁻¹范围内变化，它们的中位数分别为3.54和3.02 μg L⁻¹。叶绿素a（10.3 μg L⁻¹）和脱镁叶绿素（5.71 μg L⁻¹）的最高平均浓度出现在春季，而秋季的叶绿素a（1.49 μg L⁻¹）和脱镁叶绿素（1.97 μg L⁻¹）最低。高浓度的PO₄-P（>0.16 mg L⁻¹）、DTP（>0.24 mg L⁻¹）、NO₃⁻-N（>0.15 mg L⁻¹）、NH₄⁺-N（>0.12 mg L⁻¹）和TKN（>0.96 mg L⁻¹）出现在TMC的上游，而高浓度的叶绿素a（>6.8 μg L⁻¹）和脱镁叶绿素（>3.9 μg L⁻¹）在TMC的下游被检测到。然而，叶绿素a（11.8 μg L⁻¹）和脱镁叶绿素（6.06 μg L⁻¹）的最高浓度与静止和开阔水域条件相关。水文参数（总溶解固体、电导率、盐度、pH值和水温）与叶绿素a和脱镁叶绿素浓度呈正相关（P < 0.01），并且在野外条件下这些因素掩盖了N和P浓度与叶绿素a之间的关系。主成分分析以及水中溶解无机氮/溶解无机磷和总氮/总磷的比值表明，N是TMC中浮游植物生长的限制营养因子，相对于P而言N的升高有利于浮游植物的生长，这在受控条件下的实验室培养实验中得到了支持。
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