Iordanescu O, Micu R, Angelache I, Nicorici N, Calin C, Blidaru A, Simeria G, Draganescu E, Helsen J, Verberne A, Aerts R
Faculty of Horticulture, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medecine, Calea Aradului 119, RO-300645, Timisoara, Romania.
Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci. 2007;72(4):1003-9.
Apple scab, Venturia inaequalis (Cke) Wint., is a major problem in Romanian apple orchards and is responsible for serious economic losses. The purchase of spraying equipment and phytopharmaceutical products is very expensive in comparison to the income of local apple growers. This is one of the reasons why reduced fungicide sprayings are becoming more and more important. That's why a project was started to investigate the influence of West-European control measures and to improve interaction between local apple growers and research facilities. This experiment took place in an orchard of the university of Timisoara (USABT), where occurrence of apple scab was very high, and in a well managed commercial orchard, both in the Banat region. In July 2006, a comparative study between a traditional Romanian management program, a calendar-based program and a computerized weather-based management program was conducted. Four test plots were taken. The sprayments in plot 1 happened according to the integrated computerized model. No sprayings took place in plot 2. In plot 3 were some sprayments done with sulphur according to the traditional Romanian program. The sprayings in plot 4 were done following a calendar-based spraying program. The products that were used for the sprayments were all easy to obtain in Romania such as dodine (Sillit flow), dithianon (Delan flow), difenoconazole (Score), pyrimethanil (Scala), metiram (Polyram), kresoxim-methyl (Stroby). The occurrence of scab in plot 1 was very low in comparison to the other plots. Analysing the data, on average, the treatments done in plot 1 caused about 50% less damage than the traditional sprayings. This indicated that with a relative small amount of well timed sprayings a enormous amount of damage can be prevented. A calendar-based management program seems to be less effective (more sprayings needed and the results are worse). These results also emphasize the importance of the development of an adequate apple scab management program that should be presented to local apple growers.
苹果黑星病,即苹果黑星病菌(Venturia inaequalis (Cke) Wint.),是罗马尼亚苹果园面临的一个主要问题,会造成严重的经济损失。与当地苹果种植者的收入相比,购买喷雾设备和植物药品的成本非常高昂。这就是减少杀菌剂喷洒变得越来越重要的原因之一。因此启动了一个项目,旨在研究西欧防治措施的影响,并改善当地苹果种植者与研究机构之间的互动。该实验在蒂米什瓦拉大学(USABT)的一个果园以及巴纳特地区一个管理良好的商业果园中进行,这两个果园的苹果黑星病发病率都很高。2006年7月,开展了一项对比研究,比较罗马尼亚传统管理方案、基于日历的方案和基于计算机气象的管理方案。设置了四个试验地块。地块1的喷雾按照综合计算机模型进行。地块2未进行喷雾。地块3按照罗马尼亚传统方案用硫磺进行了一些喷雾。地块4的喷雾按照基于日历的喷雾方案进行。用于喷雾的产品在罗马尼亚都很容易获得,如多果定(Sillit flow)、二噻农(Delan flow)、苯醚甲环唑(Score)、嘧霉胺(Scala)、代森锰(Polyram)、醚菌酯(Stroby)。与其他地块相比,地块1的黑星病发病率非常低。分析数据可知,平均而言,地块1的处理造成的损害比传统喷雾少约50%。这表明通过相对少量且适时的喷雾就能预防大量损害。基于日历的管理方案似乎效果较差(需要更多喷雾且结果更糟)。这些结果也凸显了制定一个合适的苹果黑星病管理方案并向当地苹果种植者推广的重要性。