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虾类的解毒机制:热液喷口区域与河口环境的比较研究方法

Detoxification mechanisms in shrimp: comparative approach between hydrothermal vent fields and estuarine environments.

作者信息

Gonzalez-Rey Maria, Serafim Angela, Company Rui, Gomes Tânia, Bebianno Maria João

机构信息

CIMA, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.

出版信息

Mar Environ Res. 2008 Jul;66(1):35-7. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2008.02.015. Epub 2008 Feb 26.

Abstract

Hydrothermal vents are extreme deep-sea habitats that, due to their singular features, still intrigue scientific communities. Swift growth rates and profuse biomass of biological communities can be observed, despite of their inherently unstable physical-chemical and toxic conditions, indicating that organisms inhabiting this environment must be well adapted to these inhospitable conditions. The caridean shrimp, Chorocaris chacei, Mirocaris fortunata and Rimicaris exoculata, together with bathymodiolid mussels, dominate the vent fauna along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). Crustacean species are widely used as biological indicators of environmental alterations, since they play a key ecological role as planktivorous grazers, epibenthic scavengers or as prey species. The biological consequences of the hydrothermal metal-rich environment in shrimp species are still largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was the determination of the metal levels (Ag, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn), metallothioneins (MT) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in shrimp species collected in Rainbow, Lucky Strike and Menez-Gwen vent sites, in order to evaluate their different adaptation strategies toward metals when compared with two common coastal shrimp species (Palaemon elegans and Palaemonetes varians) from a fairly unpolluted estuarine system in south Portugal (Ria Formosa). Results show significant differences in metal concentrations, MT levels and lipid peroxidation between vent and coastal shrimp and also between shrimp species from the same site. This indicates that biochemical responses in both vent and coastal shrimp are affected not only by the environmental characteristics but also by inter-specific differences. Nevertheless, these responses apparently grant a successful adaptation for the survival in a metal-extreme environment.

摘要

热液喷口是极端的深海栖息地,由于其独特的特征,仍然吸引着科学界。尽管其物理化学条件固有不稳定且有毒,但仍可观察到生物群落的快速生长速率和丰富的生物量,这表明栖息在这种环境中的生物必须很好地适应这些恶劣条件。加拉太虾、查氏长腹虾、幸运微虾和突眼长腕虾,与深海贻贝一起,在大西洋中脊(MAR)的喷口动物群中占主导地位。甲壳类物种被广泛用作环境变化的生物指标,因为它们作为浮游生物食草动物、浅海底栖清道夫或猎物物种发挥着关键的生态作用。热液富含金属的环境对虾类物种的生物学影响在很大程度上仍然未知。因此,本研究的目的是测定在彩虹、幸运打击和梅内兹 - 格温喷口站点采集的虾类物种中的金属水平(银、镉、铜、铁、锰和锌)、金属硫蛋白(MT)和脂质过氧化(LPO),以便与来自葡萄牙南部一个污染较轻的河口系统(里亚福尔摩沙)的两种常见沿海虾类物种(秀丽长臂虾和变异长臂虾)相比,评估它们对金属的不同适应策略。结果表明,喷口虾类和沿海虾类之间以及来自同一站点的虾类物种之间在金属浓度、MT水平和脂质过氧化方面存在显著差异。这表明喷口虾类和沿海虾类的生化反应不仅受到环境特征的影响,还受到种间差异的影响。然而,这些反应显然有助于在极端金属环境中成功生存。

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