Olson Christine M
Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
Annu Rev Nutr. 2008;28:411-23. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.28.061807.155322.
This review uses the 1990 U.S. Institute of Medicine (IOM) gestational weight gain recommendations to examine the question, what is a healthy pregnancy weight gain? The relationship of gestational weight gain to infant size at birth; pregnancy, labor, and delivery complications; neonatal, infant, and child outcomes; and maternal weight and health outcomes in U.S. and European populations are discussed. Pregnancy weight gains within the IOM recommendations are associated with better outcomes. The possible exception is very obese women, who may benefit from weight gains less than the 7 kg (15 pounds) recommended. Only about 33% to 40% of U.S. women gain within IOM recommendations. Excessive gestational weight gain is more prevalent than inadequate gain. Women's gestational weight gains tend to follow the recommendations of health care providers. Current interventions demonstrate efficacy in influencing gestational weight gain in low-income women with normal and overweight body mass index in the United States and obese women in Scandinavia.
本综述采用1990年美国医学研究所（IOM）关于孕期体重增加的建议来探讨“什么是健康的孕期体重增加？”这一问题。文中讨论了孕期体重增加与出生时婴儿大小、妊娠、分娩及产后并发症、新生儿、婴儿及儿童结局，以及美国和欧洲人群中母亲体重及健康结局之间的关系。孕期体重增加符合IOM建议的情况与更好的结局相关。可能的例外是极度肥胖的女性，她们体重增加少于建议的7千克（15磅）可能会受益。在美国，只有约33%至40%的女性孕期体重增加符合IOM建议。孕期体重增加过多比增加不足更为普遍。女性孕期体重增加往往遵循医疗保健人员的建议。目前的干预措施已证明，对于美国体重指数正常和超重的低收入女性以及斯堪的纳维亚半岛的肥胖女性，在影响孕期体重增加方面是有效的。
