γ-氨基丁酸A型（GABA(A)）受体与酒精
GABA(A) receptors and alcohol.
作者信息
Lobo Ingrid A, Harris R Adron
机构信息
Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Section of Neurobiology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
出版信息
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2008 Jul;90(1):90-4. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2008.03.006. Epub 2008 Mar 14.
Abstract
There is substantial evidence that GABAergic neurotransmission is important for many behavioral actions of ethanol and there are reports spanning more than 30 years of literature showing that low to moderate (3-30 mM) concentrations of ethanol enhance GABAergic neurotransmission. A key question is which GABA receptor subunits are sensitive to low concentrations of ethanol in vivo and in vitro. Recent evidence points to a role for extrasynaptic receptors. Another question is which behavioral actions of alcohol result from enhancement of GABAergic neurotransmission. Some clues are beginning to emerge from studies of knock-out and knock-in mice and from genetic analysis of human alcoholics. These approaches are converging on a role for GABAergic actions in regulating alcohol consumption and, perhaps, the development of alcoholism.
摘要
有大量证据表明，γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）能神经传递对乙醇的许多行为作用至关重要，并且有跨越30多年文献的报道表明，低至中等浓度（3 - 30 mM）的乙醇可增强GABA能神经传递。一个关键问题是，在体内和体外，哪些GABA受体亚基对低浓度乙醇敏感。最近的证据表明突触外受体发挥了作用。另一个问题是，乙醇的哪些行为作用是由GABA能神经传递增强导致的。对基因敲除和基因敲入小鼠的研究以及对人类酗酒者的基因分析开始提供一些线索。这些研究方法都指向了GABA能作用在调节酒精摄入以及可能在酒精成瘾发展过程中的作用。
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