Shanmugam Arun Attur, Kumar Jadav Kajal, Selvaraj Illayaraja, Selvaraj Vimal
Bannerghatta Bear Rescue Center, Bannerghatta Biological Park, Wildlife SOS (R), Bannerghatta, Bangalore 560 083, Karnataka, India.
J Wildl Dis. 2008 Apr;44(2):509-18. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-44.2.509.
Standard hematology parameters were determined for 122 sloth bears (Melursus ursinus ursinus) at the Sur Sarovar Bird Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh, India (27 degrees 0'N; 77 degrees 45'E), and the Bannerghatta Biological Park, Karnataka, India (12 degrees 48'N; 77 degrees 34'E) from March 2003 to July 2006. These two native sloth bear habitats have different climatic conditions and provided an opportunity to examine the effect of climate on the physiologic hematology values of these bears. We primarily analyzed the influence of age, sex, season, and body weight on the different hematology parameters. Several values were significantly different in sloth bear cubs (</= 1 yr) when compared to adult and sub-adult bears (>1 yr). The cubs had a lower erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume (PCV), and mean cell hemoglobin (MCV) values when compared to adult and subadult bears. The cubs also had higher leukocyte counts, due to higher circulating neutrophils, as compared to adult and subadult bears. Within subadult and adult bears, we also identified a sexual dimorphic difference in leukocyte count in adult and subadult bears, wherein female bears had higher counts than males. This difference was the result of a significantly higher number of circulating neutrophils in female bears. Platelet counts were also higher in females as compared to males. On comparing different seasons, leukocyte counts were higher in winter as compared to the summer and monsoon seasons. When compared based on location, erythrocyte counts were higher in subadult and adult bears at Bannerghatta, which was at a higher altitude than Sur Sarovar. Within subadult and adult bears, we did not find any significant influence of age or body weight on the different hematologic parameters. In this study we have obtained mean hematologic values for sloth bears in their native habitat to serve as a reference for this species. This report will be useful to develop and evaluate health profiles of sloth bears under various ecological conditions.
2003年3月至2006年7月，在印度北方邦的萨尔萨罗瓦尔鸟类保护区（北纬27°0′；东经77°45′）以及印度卡纳塔克邦的班纳加塔生物公园（北纬12°48′；东经77°34′），对122只懒熊（懒熊指名亚种）的标准血液学参数进行了测定。这两个懒熊的原生栖息地气候条件不同，为研究气候对这些熊的生理血液学值的影响提供了契机。我们主要分析了年龄、性别、季节和体重对不同血液学参数的影响。与成年熊和亚成年熊（>1岁）相比，懒熊幼崽（≤1岁）的几个数值存在显著差异。与成年熊和亚成年熊相比，幼崽的红细胞计数、血红蛋白浓度、红细胞压积（PCV）和平均红细胞血红蛋白（MCV）值较低。与成年熊和亚成年熊相比，幼崽的白细胞计数也较高，这是由于循环中的中性粒细胞较多。在亚成年熊和成年熊中，我们还发现成年熊和亚成年熊的白细胞计数存在性别二态性差异，其中雌性熊的计数高于雄性。这种差异源于雌性熊循环中的中性粒细胞数量显著更多。雌性熊的血小板计数也高于雄性。比较不同季节时，冬季的白细胞计数高于夏季和季风季节。基于地理位置进行比较时，位于海拔高于萨尔萨罗瓦尔的班纳加塔的亚成年熊和成年熊的红细胞计数较高。在亚成年熊和成年熊中，我们未发现年龄或体重对不同血液学参数有任何显著影响。在本研究中，我们获得了懒熊在其原生栖息地的平均血液学值，作为该物种的参考。本报告将有助于制定和评估不同生态条件下懒熊的健康状况。
