Knape P, Reisch N, Dörr H-G, Reincke M, Quinkler M
Klinische Endokrinologie, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin.
Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2008 May;133(19):1025-9. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1075688.
Information about the treatment of males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is scarce and there are no therapeutical guidelines. The aim of this review is to provide a survey of the current data. An extensive literature research was performed in PubMed for relevant articles published in the last ten years. The aim in the treatment of adult male CAH patients is preservation of fertility, prevention of an addisonian crisis, blood pressure management, prevention of testicular adrenal rest tumors (TART), maintaining well-being and good quality of life, satisfactory sexual function and prevention of long-term side effects of gluco- and mineralocorticoid therapy. The change from paediatric to adult medicine should be handled in a transition outpatient clinic organized by paediatric and adult endocrinologists. Most studies have included only small numbers of patients. The steroid therapy is usually orientated on an individual basis; but, general guidelines are lacking. It is reported that fertility is often impaired and related to the occurrence of TART. Some of these tumors are responsive to altered glucocorticoid therapy. However, glucocorticoid-resistant TART have been described, and testis-sparing surgery seems to be a treatment option. A future system of regular follow-up visits and standardized therapy guidelines are essential to provide a better medical care and a higher quality of life for male patients with CAH.
关于先天性肾上腺增生症(CAH)男性患者的治疗信息匮乏,且尚无治疗指南。本综述的目的是对当前数据进行概述。我们在PubMed上对过去十年发表的相关文章进行了广泛的文献检索。成年男性CAH患者的治疗目标包括保留生育能力、预防肾上腺危象、控制血压、预防睾丸肾上腺残余肿瘤(TART)、维持良好状态和生活质量、确保满意的性功能以及预防糖皮质激素和盐皮质激素治疗的长期副作用。从儿科到成人医学的转变应在由儿科和成人内分泌科医生组织的过渡门诊中进行处理。大多数研究纳入的患者数量较少。类固醇治疗通常是个体化的,但缺乏通用指南。据报道,生育能力常常受损,且与TART的发生有关。其中一些肿瘤对改变的糖皮质激素治疗有反应。然而,也有糖皮质激素抵抗性TART的描述,保留睾丸手术似乎是一种治疗选择。未来建立定期随访系统和标准化治疗指南对于为男性CAH患者提供更好的医疗护理和更高的生活质量至关重要。