Nauseef William M
Inflammation Program and Department of Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Coralville, IA 52241, USA.
Semin Immunopathol. 2008 Jul;30(3):195-208. doi: 10.1007/s00281-008-0117-4. Epub 2008 May 1.
The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase of phagocytes is a multi-component electron transferase that uses cytoplasmic NADPH to convert molecular oxygen to superoxide anion, consequently delivering reactive oxygen species to the site of invading microorganisms. Together with soluble factors and other phagocyte-derived agents, the resultant toxic species kill and degrade the ingested microbe. Flavocytochrome b (558), a heterodimeric protein composed of gp91 phox and p22 phox, is the membrane component of the NADPH oxidase and was previously thought to be uniquely expressed in phagocytes. Based on structural homology with gp91 phox, recent studies have defined a family of NADPH oxidase proteins (Nox) that is widely distributed throughout the plant and animal kingdoms and in many tissues in multicellular organisms. The goals of this review are to review features of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase that serve as a paradigm for exploiting oxidants for host defense, and to discuss contributions of other Nox proteins to innate immunity.
吞噬细胞的烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（NADPH）氧化酶是一种多组分电子转移酶，它利用细胞质中的NADPH将分子氧转化为超氧阴离子，从而将活性氧传递到入侵微生物的部位。与可溶性因子和其他吞噬细胞衍生的介质一起，产生的有毒物质会杀死并降解摄入的微生物。黄素细胞色素b（558）是一种由gp91 phox和p22 phox组成的异二聚体蛋白，是NADPH氧化酶的膜成分，以前被认为仅在吞噬细胞中表达。基于与gp91 phox的结构同源性，最近的研究确定了一个NADPH氧化酶蛋白家族（Nox），该家族广泛分布于植物和动物界以及多细胞生物的许多组织中。本综述的目的是回顾吞噬细胞NADPH氧化酶作为利用氧化剂进行宿主防御范例的特征，并讨论其他Nox蛋白对先天免疫的贡献。
