视力受损者的眼保健服务使用情况及援助需求。

Laitinen Arja, Koskinen Seppo, Rudanko Sirkka-Liisa, Martelin Tuija, Laatikainen Leila, Aromaa Arpo

Department of Health and Functional Capacity, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.

Optom Vis Sci. 2008 May;85(5):341-9. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0b013e31816bea29.

PURPOSE

To assess the use of eye care services and unmet need for assistance in visually impaired people.

METHODS

Cross-sectional population-based survey on a sample representing the Finnish population aged 30 years and older. Of the 7979 eligible people, 6645 (83.3%) were both interviewed and had their distance visual acuity (VA) assessed. One hundred forty-seven people were classified as visually impaired (VA < or = 0.25). A home interview included an assessment of the use of eye care services, need for assistance, sociodemographic variables, cognitive functioning, and mobility. Binocular VA for distance was measured with the participants' current spectacles, if any, as a part of a comprehensive health examination.

RESULTS

One-half (58%) of visually impaired people had had a recent vision examination and 79% had received some vision rehabilitation services, mainly in form of spectacles (70%). Only one third (31%) had received formal low vision rehabilitation. People with moderate visual impairment (VA 0.1 to 0.25) were less likely to have received low vision rehabilitation, magnifying glasses, or other low vision aids compared with people with severe low vision (VA < 0.1). Furthermore, low cognitive capacity and living in an institution were associated with limited use of vision rehabilitation services. Of the visually impaired people living in the community, 71% reported need for assistance and 24% of them had unmet need for assistance in everyday activities. Although need for assistance was more common in people with severe low vision (83% vs. 67%, p = 0.09), unmet need for assistance seemed to be more common in people with moderate low vision (20% vs. 9%, p = 0.23).

CONCLUSIONS

Many visually impaired people, older persons in particular, have not had a recent vision examination and lack adequate low vision rehabilitation. This highlights the need for regular evaluation of vision function in elderly people and for actively supplying information about rehabilitation services.

目的

评估视力受损者的眼保健服务使用情况及未满足的援助需求。

方法

基于人群的横断面调查，样本代表芬兰30岁及以上人群。在7979名符合条件的人群中，6645人（83.3%）接受了访谈并进行了远视力评估。147人被归类为视力受损者（视力<或=0.25）。家庭访谈包括对眼保健服务使用情况、援助需求、社会人口统计学变量、认知功能和活动能力的评估。作为全面健康检查的一部分，使用参与者当前佩戴的眼镜（如有）测量双眼远视力。

结果

一半（58%）的视力受损者近期进行过视力检查，79%接受过一些视力康复服务，主要形式为眼镜（70%）。只有三分之一（31%）接受过正规的低视力康复。与严重低视力者（视力<0.1）相比，中度视力受损者（视力0.1至0.25）接受低视力康复、放大镜或其他低视力辅助器具的可能性较小。此外，认知能力低和居住在机构中与视力康复服务的有限使用有关。在社区生活的视力受损者中，71%报告需要援助，其中24%在日常活动中存在未满足的援助需求。尽管严重低视力者中需要援助的情况更为常见（83%对67%，p = 0.09），但中度低视力者中未满足的援助需求似乎更为常见（20%对9%，p = 0.23）。