Chapman Larry J, Newenhouse Astrid C, Pereira Kathryn M, Karsh Ben-Tzion, Meyer Robert M, Brunette Christopher M, Ehlers Janet J
Biological Systems Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
J Safety Res. 2008;39(2):215-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2008.02.025. Epub 2008 Mar 20.
Fresh market berry production workers are exposed to physical risk factors for musculoskeletal injury.
We disseminated information through trade publications and other sources to berry managers in seven U.S. states about five prevention through design practices that were both safer and more profitable than traditional methods. We administered mail evaluation questionnaires prior to the intervention and after each of four intervention years to rolling, independent U.S. samples and to comparison New Zealand berry farm manager samples after years one through three.
U.S. manager self-reports of reading trade publication information increased compared to baseline values for two of five practices and self-reported awareness increased for four of five practices. There were no increases in adoption. More U.S. than New Zealand managers reported getting information about two practices from trade publications and about four practices from public events. No U.S. versus New Zealand differences were observed in reported awareness or adoption for any practice.
This study showed that even a modest campaign can build awareness of safer practices fairly quickly in three to four years among small agricultural firms but that increasing adoption apparently requires more time. Widespread adoption of safer practices could help keep operators in business longer as they age by reducing the workload and musculoskeletal strain associated with labor intensive crop production for them and their workforce. Adoption of practices that also improve profits, like the five practices featured in this study, could also help managers stay in business.
生鲜市场浆果生产工人面临肌肉骨骼损伤的物理风险因素。
我们通过行业出版物和其他渠道向美国七个州的浆果管理人员传播了五种设计预防措施的信息，这些措施比传统方法更安全且更具盈利性。我们在干预前以及四个干预年中的每一年之后，向不断轮换的美国独立样本以及在第一至三年后向作为对照的新西兰浆果农场管理人员样本发放邮件评估问卷。
与基线值相比，美国管理人员自我报告称阅读行业出版物信息后，五种措施中有两种的阅读量增加，五种措施中有四种的自我报告知晓度提高。采用率没有增加。报告从行业出版物中获取两种措施信息以及从公共活动中获取四种措施信息的美国管理人员比新西兰管理人员更多。在报告的任何措施的知晓度或采用率方面，未观察到美国与新西兰之间存在差异。
这项研究表明，即使是适度的宣传活动，也能在三到四年内较快提高小型农业企业对更安全做法的认识，但提高采用率显然需要更多时间。广泛采用更安全的做法可以帮助经营者随着年龄增长而延长经营时间，因为这可以减轻他们及其员工与劳动密集型作物生产相关的工作量和肌肉骨骼压力。采用像本研究中所介绍的五种既提高利润又更安全的做法，也可以帮助管理人员维持经营。
