Petty Richard E, DeMarree Kenneth G, Briñol Pablo, Horcajo Javier, Strathman Alan J
Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2008 Jul;34(7):900-12. doi: 10.1177/0146167208316692. Epub 2008 May 7.
This article hypothesizes that the individual-difference variable, need for cognition (NFC), can have opposite implications for priming effects, depending on prime blatancy. Subtle primes are argued to be more effective for high- versus low-NFC individuals. This is because for high-NFC individuals, (a) constructs are generally easier to activate, (b) their higher amount of thought offers more opportunity for an activated construct to bias judgment, and (c) their thoughtfully formed judgments are more likely to affect behavior. However, because high-NFC individuals are adept at identifying and correcting for bias, with blatant primes the activated construct should be less likely to exert its default influence. Furthermore, with blatant primes, low-NFC individuals may achieve sufficient activation for primes to affect judgment. Across three studies, it is shown that as NFC increases, the magnitude of priming effects increases with a subtle prime but decreases with a blatant prime.
本文提出假设,个体差异变量——认知需求(NFC),根据启动刺激的显著程度,可能对启动效应产生相反的影响。对于高NFC个体与低NFC个体而言,微妙的启动刺激被认为更有效。这是因为对于高NFC个体来说,(a)概念通常更容易被激活,(b)他们更多的思考为被激活的概念影响判断提供了更多机会,并且(c)他们经过深思熟虑形成的判断更有可能影响行为。然而,由于高NFC个体善于识别和纠正偏差,对于显著的启动刺激,被激活的概念应该不太可能发挥其默认影响。此外,对于显著的启动刺激,低NFC个体可能会实现足够的激活,从而使启动刺激影响判断。在三项研究中,结果表明,随着NFC的增加,微妙启动刺激的启动效应大小增加,而显著启动刺激的启动效应大小则减小。