Henderly D E, Jampol L M
Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988). 1991;4 Suppl 1:S6-10.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is the most common ocular opportunistic infection in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), in whom it may cause loss of vision. The early diagnosis of CMV retinitis depends on patient awareness of often subtle clinical symptoms; screening examinations may be of benefit. Aggressive treatment of the condition is imperative. Ganciclovir administered intravenously has been shown to be effective therapy, but treatment must be continued indefinitely and is associated with a risk of neutropenia. Careful monitoring during treatment is required. Investigational methods of treatment, including intravitreal injection of ganciclovir or use of foscarnet, another antiviral agent, may be of benefit if intravenous ganciclovir therapy must be discontinued.
巨细胞病毒（CMV）视网膜炎是获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）患者中最常见的眼部机会性感染，可导致患者视力丧失。CMV视网膜炎的早期诊断取决于患者对往往较为细微的临床症状的认知；筛查检查可能会有帮助。对该病症进行积极治疗势在必行。静脉注射更昔洛韦已被证明是有效的治疗方法，但治疗必须无限期持续，且有中性粒细胞减少的风险。治疗期间需要仔细监测。如果必须停用静脉注射更昔洛韦治疗，包括玻璃体内注射更昔洛韦或使用另一种抗病毒药物膦甲酸钠在内的试验性治疗方法可能会有帮助。
