de Toledo Piza Peluso Erica, de Araújo Peres Clóvis, Luís Blay Sérgio
Dept. of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2008 Oct;43(10):792-9. doi: 10.1007/s00127-008-0372-7. Epub 2008 May 23.
Little is known about public conceptions of mental disorders in Latin America and the Caribbean. The aim of this article is to assess how the population identifies symptoms of schizophrenia and the causes attributed to this disorder in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.
A household survey was carried out in 2002 with a probabilistic sample of 500 individuals, residents of São Paulo with ages ranging from 18 to 65. Vignette describing in colloquial language an individual with schizophrenia (according to DSM-IV and ICD-10) was presented together with a structured questionnaire with questions about the vignette.
The symptoms of schizophrenia were identified by 23.4% as depression. The term schizophrenia was used in only 2.2% of the responses. A bit more than half of the respondents believed it was a mental illness. The main causes attributed were "drug use" and "isolation". Factors most influencing responses about causes were years of schooling and identification as a mental illness.
Medical-scientific concepts are used less in São Paulo than in other countries. The main causes attributed by the public relate to psychosocial stress. Causes of biological or moral nature are considered less relevant.
关于拉丁美洲和加勒比地区公众对精神障碍的认知了解甚少。本文旨在评估巴西圣保罗市居民如何识别精神分裂症症状以及对该疾病病因的归因。
2002年对圣保罗市500名年龄在18至65岁之间的居民进行了概率抽样家庭调查。用通俗语言描述了一名符合《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）和《国际疾病分类》第十版（ICD-10）的精神分裂症患者的 vignette，并同时给出一份关于该 vignette 的结构化问卷。
23.4% 的人将精神分裂症症状识别为抑郁症。仅2.2% 的回答中使用了“精神分裂症”一词。略多于一半的受访者认为这是一种精神疾病。主要归因的病因是“吸毒”和“孤立”。对病因回答影响最大的因素是受教育年限和是否认定为精神疾病。
在圣保罗，医学科学概念的使用比其他国家少。公众归因的主要病因与心理社会压力有关。生物或道德性质的病因被认为不太相关。
