Larouche D, Lavoie A, Proulx S, Paquet C, Carrier P, Beauparlant A, Auger F A, Germain L
Laboratoire d'organogénèse expérimentale, hôpital du Saint-Sacrement du CHA et département de chirurgie, université Laval, 1050, chemin Sainte-Foy, G1S 4L8, Québec, Canada.
Pathol Biol (Paris). 2009 Jun;57(4):299-308. doi: 10.1016/j.patbio.2008.04.015. Epub 2008 Jun 2.
Considering that there is a shortage of organ donor, the aim of tissue engineering is to develop substitutes for the replacement of wounded or diseased tissues. Autologous tissue is evidently a preferable transplant material for long-term graft persistence because of the unavoidable rejection reaction occuring against allogeneic transplant. For the production of such substitutes, it is essential to control the culture conditions for post-natal human stem cells. Furthermore, histological organization and functionality of reconstructed tissues must approach those of native organs. For self-renewing tissues such as skin and cornea, tissue engineering strategies must include the preservation of stem cells during the in vitro process as well as after grafting to ensure the long-term regeneration of the transplants. We described a tissue engineering method named the self-assembly approach allowing the production of autologous living organs from human cells without any exogenous biomaterial. This approach is based on the capacity of mesenchymal cells to create in vitro their own extracellular matrix and then reform a tissue. Thereafter, various techniques allow the reorganization of such tissues in more complex organ such as valve leaflets, blood vessels, skin or cornea. These tissues offer the hope of new alternatives for organ transplantation in the future. In this review, the importance of preserving stem cells during in vitro expansion and controlling cell differentiation as well as tissue organization to ensure quality and functionality of tissue-engineered organs will be discussed, while focusing on skin and cornea.
鉴于器官供体短缺，组织工程的目标是开发替代物以替换受伤或患病的组织。由于同种异体移植不可避免地会发生排斥反应，自体组织显然是长期移植存活的更优移植材料。为了生产这样的替代物，控制产后人类干细胞的培养条件至关重要。此外，重建组织的组织学结构和功能必须接近天然器官。对于皮肤和角膜等自我更新组织，组织工程策略必须包括在体外过程以及移植后保存干细胞，以确保移植组织的长期再生。我们描述了一种名为自组装方法的组织工程方法，该方法能够从人类细胞中生产自体活器官，而无需任何外源性生物材料。这种方法基于间充质细胞在体外创建自身细胞外基质并随后重新形成组织的能力。此后，各种技术可使此类组织重组为更复杂的器官，如瓣膜小叶、血管、皮肤或角膜。这些组织为未来器官移植提供了新的替代选择。在本综述中，将讨论在体外扩增过程中保存干细胞以及控制细胞分化和组织构建以确保组织工程器官的质量和功能的重要性，重点关注皮肤和角膜。
