Otte Jens C, Andersson Carin, Abrahamson Alexandra, Olsman Helena, Keiter Steffen, Engwall Magnus, Hollert Henner, Brunström Björn
Department of Environmental Toxicology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Environ Int. 2008 Nov;34(8):1176-84. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2008.05.004. Epub 2008 Jun 20.
Sediment samples from the upper Danube River in Germany have previously been characterized as ecotoxicologically hazardous and contaminants in these sediments may contribute to the observed decline of fish populations in this river section. For the investigation of sediment toxicity there is a need for development, standardization and implementation of in vivo test systems using vertebrates. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to apply and evaluate a recently established fish gill EROD assay as a biomarker in sediment toxicity assessment by using extracts of well characterised sediment samples from the upper Danube River. This to our knowledge is the first application of this novel assay to sediment extracts. Sediments from four different sites along the upper Danube River were Soxhlet-extracted with acetone and dissolved in DMSO. Three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) were exposed for 48 h to various concentrations of the extracts, to the positive control beta-naphthoflavone or to the solvent. Measurements of EROD activity in gill filaments and liver microsomes followed the exposure. Concentration-dependent induction of EROD in both gill and liver was found for all sediment extracts. The highest EROD-inducing potency was determined for extracts of sediments from the sites "Opfinger See" and "Sigmaringen" and the EROD activities in gill and liver correlated well. The results from the gill and liver assays were in accordance with in vitro results of previous investigations. The EROD activities measured in the present study corresponded with the concentrations of PAHs, PCBs and PCDD/Fs in the sediment samples derived in a previous study. The sticklebacks in this study were in the reproductive phase and a stronger EROD induction was obtained in the females than in the males. Implementation of the EROD assay in testing of sediment extracts gave highly reliable results which make this assay an ecotoxicologically relevant method for assessment of contamination with Ah receptor agonists in sediments.
德国多瑙河上游的沉积物样本此前已被认定具有生态毒理学危害，这些沉积物中的污染物可能是该河段鱼类种群数量下降的原因。为了研究沉积物毒性，需要开发、标准化并实施使用脊椎动物的体内测试系统。因此，本研究的主要目的是通过使用多瑙河上游特征明确的沉积物样本提取物，应用并评估一种最近建立的鱼类鳃EROD测定法作为沉积物毒性评估中的生物标志物。据我们所知，这是该新测定法首次应用于沉积物提取物。沿着多瑙河上游四个不同地点采集的沉积物用丙酮进行索氏提取，并溶解在二甲基亚砜中。将三刺鱼（Gasterosteus aculeatus L.）暴露于不同浓度的提取物、阳性对照β-萘黄酮或溶剂中48小时。暴露后测量鳃丝和肝脏微粒体中的EROD活性。所有沉积物提取物在鳃和肝脏中均发现了浓度依赖性的EROD诱导。确定来自“奥芬格湖”和“西格马林根”地点的沉积物提取物具有最高的EROD诱导效力，鳃和肝脏中的EROD活性相关性良好。鳃和肝脏测定的结果与先前研究的体外结果一致。本研究中测量的EROD活性与先前研究中沉积物样本中多环芳烃、多氯联苯和多氯二苯并对二噁英/呋喃的浓度相对应。本研究中的三刺鱼处于繁殖期，雌性比雄性获得更强的EROD诱导。在沉积物提取物测试中实施EROD测定法可得到高度可靠的结果，这使得该测定法成为评估沉积物中芳烃受体激动剂污染的生态毒理学相关方法。
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