Galek Kathleen, Flannelly Kevin J, Jacobs Martha R, Barone John D
The HealthCare Chaplaincy, 307 East 60th Street, New York, New York 10022, USA.
J Pastoral Care Counsel. 2008 Spring-Summer;62(1-2):29-35. doi: 10.1177/154230500806200104.
The current study explored gender differences regarding spirituality by comparing the relative frequency with which male (n = 85) and female (n = 103) professional chaplains experience various facets of the spiritual experience. The women in the sample reported experiencing five of the seven spiritual constructs examined significantly more often than men, including the need for (1) belonging, (2) meaning, (3) hope, (4) beauty, and (5) acceptance of death. No significant gender differences were found for spiritual needs related to morality concerns or religious practices.
本研究通过比较男性（n = 85）和女性（n = 103）专业牧师体验精神体验各个方面的相对频率，探讨了精神层面的性别差异。样本中的女性报告称，在所考察的七种精神结构中，有五种她们的体验频率显著高于男性，包括对（1）归属感、（2）意义、（3）希望、（4）美的需求以及（5）对死亡的接纳。在与道德关切或宗教实践相关的精神需求方面，未发现显著的性别差异。
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