Romani Luigina, Zelante Teresa, De Luca Antonella, Bozza Silvia, Bonifazi Pierluigi, Moretti Silvia, D'Angelo Carmen, Giovannini Gloria, Bistoni Francesco, Fallarino Francesca, Puccetti Paolo
Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences and Fondazione, "Istituto di Ricovero e Cura per le Biotecnologie Trapiantologiche", Perugia, Italy.
Med Mycol. 2009;47 Suppl 1:S154-61. doi: 10.1080/13693780802139867. Epub 2008 Jun 4.
Innate responses combine with adaptive immunity to generate the most effective form of resistance against Aspergillus fumigatus. A complex set of signaling networks initiate both innate and adaptive immunity in response to the different fungal morphotypes. In response, the fungus has developed or acquired sophisticated mechanisms to avoid, counteract and subvert sensors, signaling networks and a range of effector functions that constitute the host immune response. Host response and fungal countermeasures may contribute to the balance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signaling that is eventually required to benefit both parties. Here we highlight the important contribution of the enzyme IDO (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) and tryptophan catabolites to such a homeostatic condition in Aspergillus infection and allergy. By providing the host with immune defense mechanisms adequate for protection, without necessarily eliminating the fungus or causing an unacceptable level of tissue damage, IDO and tryptophan metabolites may prove to be potent regulators capable of taming innate and adaptive pathogenic inflammatory host responses.
固有免疫反应与适应性免疫相结合，产生针对烟曲霉的最有效抵抗形式。一组复杂的信号网络会响应不同的真菌形态型启动固有免疫和适应性免疫。作为回应，真菌已发展出或获得了复杂的机制，以规避、对抗和破坏构成宿主免疫反应的传感器、信号网络及一系列效应功能。宿主反应和真菌的应对措施可能有助于促炎和抗炎信号的平衡，而这最终是使双方都受益所必需的。在此，我们强调酶吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶（IDO）和色氨酸分解代谢产物在烟曲霉感染和过敏中对这种稳态状况的重要贡献。通过为宿主提供足以实现保护的免疫防御机制，而不一定消除真菌或造成不可接受程度的组织损伤，IDO和色氨酸代谢产物可能被证明是能够抑制固有和适应性致病性宿主炎症反应的有效调节剂。
