Stote Kim S, Baer David J
Food Components and Health Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
J Nutr. 2008 Aug;138(8):1584S-1588S. doi: 10.1093/jn/138.8.1584S.
Diabetes mellitus and its sequelae are a major and growing public health problem. The prevalence of diabetes worldwide is 194 million persons, or 5.1% of the population, and is projected to increase to 333 million, or 6.3% of the population, by 2025. Type 2 diabetes accounts for approximately 90-95% of those with diabetes in the United States and other developed countries. Tea is the most widely consumed beverage in the world, second only to water. Tea contains polyphenols and other components that may reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. Some evidence also shows that tea may affect glucose metabolism and insulin signaling, which, as a result, has spurred interest in the health effects of tea consumption on diabetes. Epidemiologic studies suggest some relation between tea consumption and a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, although the mechanisms for these observations are uncertain. Findings from in vitro and animal models suggest that tea and its components may influence glucose metabolism and diabetes through several mechanisms, such as enhancing insulin sensitivity. Some human clinical studies evaluating tea and its components show improvement in glucoregulatory control and endothelial function. However, further controlled clinical trials are required to gain a better understanding of the long-term effects of tea consumption in persons with diabetes.
糖尿病及其并发症是一个日益严重的重大公共卫生问题。全球糖尿病患病率为1.94亿人,占总人口的5.1%,预计到2025年将增至3.33亿人,占总人口的6.3%。在美国和其他发达国家,2型糖尿病约占糖尿病患者的90 - 95%。茶是世界上消费最为广泛的饮品,仅次于水。茶含有多酚和其他成分,可能会降低患心血管疾病和癌症等慢性病的风险。一些证据还表明,茶可能会影响葡萄糖代谢和胰岛素信号传导,因此引发了人们对饮茶对糖尿病健康影响的兴趣。流行病学研究表明,饮茶与2型糖尿病风险降低之间存在某种关联,尽管这些观察结果背后的机制尚不确定。体外和动物模型研究结果表明,茶及其成分可能通过多种机制影响葡萄糖代谢和糖尿病,比如增强胰岛素敏感性。一些评估茶及其成分的人体临床研究显示,血糖调节控制和内皮功能有所改善。然而,需要进一步开展对照临床试验,以便更好地了解饮茶对糖尿病患者的长期影响。