Pruett Grechen, Bruhn Johann, Mihail Jeanne
University of Missouri - Columbia, Division of Plant Sciences, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Mycol Res. 2008 Nov;112(Pt 11):1344-54. doi: 10.1016/j.mycres.2008.06.005. Epub 2008 Jul 3.
Truffles, the hypogeous ascocarps of the ectomycorrhizal genus Tuber, are currently cultivated in orchards to partially offset declining wild production in Europe. Truffle cultivation begins with inoculation of seedling root systems in the greenhouse. Once the mycorrhizal relationship is well established, colonized seedlings are transplanted to a suitable field site. In the USA, little is known about the effect of indigenous ectomycorrhizal species on colonization of host trees by the European Burgundy truffle fungus (T. aestivum). Here we identify the ectomycorrhizal community composition on inoculated seedlings grown in the greenhouse in three types of potting media. We subsequently monitored the ectomycorrhizal community composition for two years after seedlings were transplanted into a field site that had been prepared for truffle cultivation by lime applications. We found that the infection rates of contaminant ectomycorrhizal species present in the greenhouse declined to low levels in this field site. We also found that after two years in the field, both T. aestivum colonization levels and indigenous ectomycorrhizal species richness and abundance increased, indicating that indigenous species, in the short term, did not displace T. aestivum.
松露是外生菌根真菌块菌属的地下子囊果，目前在果园中进行种植，以部分弥补欧洲野生松露产量的下降。松露种植始于在温室中对苗木根系进行接种。一旦菌根关系良好建立，已形成菌根的苗木就会被移植到合适的田间地块。在美国，关于本土外生菌根物种对欧洲勃艮第松露真菌（冬块菌）在寄主树上定殖的影响知之甚少。在此，我们确定了在三种类型盆栽基质中温室培育的接种苗木上的外生菌根群落组成。随后，在苗木被移植到通过施用石灰为松露种植准备好的田间地块后，我们对其外生菌根群落组成进行了两年的监测。我们发现，温室中存在的污染性外生菌根物种的感染率在该田间地块降至低水平。我们还发现，在田间生长两年后，冬块菌的定殖水平以及本土外生菌根物种的丰富度和丰度均有所增加，这表明本土物种在短期内并未取代冬块菌。
