Széll Z, Marucci G, Bajmóczy E, Cséplo A, Pozio E, Sréter T
Laboratories for Parasitology, Fish, Bee and Wildlife Diseases, Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, Central Agricultural Office, Tábornok utca 2, H-1149 Budapest, Hungary.
Vet Parasitol. 2008 Oct 1;156(3-4):210-5. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.06.014. Epub 2008 Jun 20.
The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is considered one of the main reservoir of Trichinella spp. in Europe. As limited information on Trichinella infection in wildlife of Hungary is available, 2116 red foxes, representing more than 3% of the estimated fox population of the country, were screened to detect Trichinella larvae by a digestion method. Trichinella larvae from the 35 positive foxes were identified by a multiplex PCR as Trichinella britovi (30 isolates, 85.7%), Trichinella spiralis (4 isolates, 11.4%), and Trichinella pseudospiralis (1 isolate, 2.9%). The true mean intensity of T. britovi, T. spiralis and T. pseudospiralis larvae in lower forelimb muscles was 23.6, 3.5 and 13.5larvae/g, respectively. T. spiralis was detected only in the southern and eastern regions. The non-encapsulated T. pseudospiralis was recorded for the first time in Hungary. Although the overall true prevalence of Trichinella infection in foxes was only 1.8% (95% confidence interval, CI=1.5-2.1%), the spatial analysis reveals different risk regions. In the north-eastern counties bordering Slovakia and Ukraine (21% of the Hungarian territory), the true prevalence of Trichinella infection is significantly higher than that observed in other regions (6.0%, CI=4.8-7.1%). In the southern counties bordering Croatia, Serbia and Romania (41% of the Hungarian territory), the true prevalence of Trichinella infection is moderate (1.4%, CI=1.0-1.8%). In the north-western and central counties (38% of Hungarian territory), the prevalence of Trichinella infection is significantly lower (0.2%, CI=0.1-0.4%) than that of the other regions. Based on the statistical analysis and the evaluation of epidemiological data, none of the counties can be considered free of Trichinella infection. In the past decade, Trichinella infection has been detected only in few backyard pigs, and only few wild boar-related autochthonous infections in humans were described. Nevertheless, these results highlight the need of the maintenance of a strict monitoring and control programmes on Trichinella infection in farmed and hunted animals of Hungary.
赤狐（Vulpes vulpes）被认为是欧洲旋毛虫属的主要宿主之一。由于匈牙利野生动物旋毛虫感染的信息有限，对占该国估计狐狸种群3%以上的2116只赤狐进行了筛查，采用消化法检测旋毛虫幼虫。通过多重PCR鉴定出35只阳性狐狸体内的旋毛虫幼虫为布氏旋毛虫（30株，85.7%）、旋毛形线虫（4株，11.4%）和伪旋毛虫（1株，2.9%）。布氏旋毛虫、旋毛形线虫和伪旋毛虫幼虫在前肢下部肌肉中的真实平均感染强度分别为23.6、3.5和13.5条幼虫/克。旋毛形线虫仅在南部和东部地区被检测到。未包囊的伪旋毛虫首次在匈牙利被记录。尽管狐狸旋毛虫感染的总体真实患病率仅为1.8%（95%置信区间，CI = 1.5 - 2.1%），但空间分析揭示了不同的风险区域。在与斯洛伐克和乌克兰接壤的匈牙利东北部各县（占匈牙利领土的21%），旋毛虫感染的真实患病率显著高于其他地区（6.0%，CI = 4.8 - 7.1%）。在与克罗地亚、塞尔维亚和罗马尼亚接壤的匈牙利南部各县（占匈牙利领土的41%），旋毛虫感染的真实患病率中等（1.4%，CI = 1.0 - 1.8%）。在匈牙利西北部和中部各县（占匈牙利领土的38%），旋毛虫感染的患病率显著低于其他地区（0.2%，CI = 0.1 - 0.4%）。基于统计分析和流行病学数据评估，没有一个县可以被认为没有旋毛虫感染。在过去十年中，仅在少数家猪中检测到旋毛虫感染，并且仅描述了少数与野猪相关的人类本土感染病例。尽管如此，这些结果凸显了对匈牙利养殖和狩猎动物的旋毛虫感染维持严格监测和控制计划的必要性。
