Yamashita M
Radioactivity Section, Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tanashi, Tokyo, Japan.
Rev Sci Instrum. 1978 Sep;49(9):1336. doi: 10.1063/1.1135580.
The hysteresis effect in rate-dependent photomultiplier gain variations observed in a particular ten-stage tube was extensively studied to clarify the mechanism involved. The transition points or count rates at which abrupt gain changes take place are measured with respect to the anode and ninth dynode pulses as a function of light pulse intensity and applied high voltage. The experimental results show that the transition occurs at constant average currents and is attributed to certain physical processes on the ninth dynode. Besides, extensive measurements of the hysteresis curves are performed with respect to the ninth dynode pulse for various biases applied to the tenth dynode. The results clearly indicate that the transitions are due to sudden changes in surface potential on the ninth dynode, presumably resulting from dielectric breakdown in the dynode surface layer. In accordance with these and other measurements, a possible physical mechanism is proposed to interpret the hysteresis effect. With the proposed mechanism, temperature effect on the transition points and possible dependence of the hysteresis effect on dynode structure are briefly discussed.
对在某一特定十极光电倍增管中观察到的速率依赖型光电倍增管增益变化中的滞后效应进行了广泛研究，以阐明其中涉及的机制。相对于阳极和第九打拿极脉冲，测量了随着光脉冲强度和施加的高电压而发生突然增益变化的转换点或计数率。实验结果表明，转换发生在恒定的平均电流下，并且归因于第九打拿极上的某些物理过程。此外，针对施加到第十打拿极的各种偏压，对第九打拿极脉冲进行了滞后曲线的广泛测量。结果清楚地表明，转换是由于第九打拿极表面电位的突然变化，大概是由打拿极表面层中的介质击穿引起的。根据这些及其他测量结果，提出了一种可能的物理机制来解释滞后效应。利用所提出的机制，简要讨论了温度对转换点的影响以及滞后效应可能对打拿极结构的依赖性。
