This focused issue of the Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods is the fifth to highlight Methods in Safety Pharmacology and includes a number of articles from the 7th Annual Safety Pharmacology Society (SPS) meeting that was held in Edinburgh, Scotland, September 19-21, 2007. However, unlike issues of the past, in which content predominantly focused on cardiovascular issues (specifically QT interval prolongation, QT-HR correction methods and validation of non-clinical cardiovascular models) this issue is composed of a number of non-cardiovascular methods papers and review articles. Of particular interest to readers will be articles related to CNS studies, in particular neurobehavioral assessments in non-human primates and the effects of drugs in juvenile and adult rats (an article that may be relevant in light of recent EU/US pediatric legislation). While cardiovascular function may not dominate there are several useful methodological papers including an assessment of cardiovascular sensitivity of drugs in conscious and anesthetized non-human primates, and a mathematical model (fractal analysis) applied to canine heartbeat dynamics. A first for the journal is a paper by Vargas et al., (2008-this issue) in which members of the SPS formed a working group in order to assess and review safety pharmacology testing of biological therapeutic agents (specifically monoclonal antibodies, mAbs). The group provides recommendations that will likely shape regulatory strategy and discussions in the yet to be fully discussed area of biological safety testing. In the tradition of obtaining a perspective on industry safety pharmacology program practices Lindgren et al., (2008-this issue) provide the results of a recent SPS survey that examines ICH S7A and S7B trends, aspects of early 'frontloading' safety studies, abuse and dependence liability and Contract Research Organization (CRO) tests/assays used in safety assessment of core battery and supplementary organ systems. In keeping with the translation track aspect of the 2007 meeting is an overview of the Distinguished Service Award lecture to Dr. T. Hammond that discusses many aspects of safety pharmacology including its evolution, impact, value and translation of non-clinical findings to humans. Finally, perspectives are presented on the use of the zebrafish as an early safety pharmacology-screening assay.