Shah H
District Health Office, Kailali, Nepal.
JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2008 Apr-Jun;47(170):91-3.
One of the objectives of the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) is to achieve and sustain vaccination coverage to >90%. The coverage is not uniform within the districts, some of the areas showing more than 100% while others are far behind. The objective of the survey was to determine the coverage of immunization among children 12-23 months of age in Rautahat District of Nepal. A cross-sectional method was applied with the 30-cluster sampling method followed by taking a sample of 210 children. The structured questionnaire requesting information about socio-economic characteristics, vaccination, history of vaccination, doses of vaccines, and vaccination records were used for collecting data. The coverage responses according to history from mothers for BCG, DPTHb-3, Polio3 and Measles immunizations were 96.7%, 90.0%, 97.6% and 78.1% respectively. By analyzing the records of the sampled Village Development Committees (VDCs), the coverage for the same vaccines was 88.1%, 78.1%, 79.0, 73.8% respectively. The drop-out of BCG versus measles was also very high. The District Health Office (DHO) reports were remarkably higher than the coverage of immunizations obtained by the survey, showing additional number of the target children.
扩大免疫规划(EPI)的目标之一是实现并维持疫苗接种覆盖率超过90%。各地区的覆盖率并不统一,一些地区超过了100%,而其他地区则远远落后。该调查的目的是确定尼泊尔劳塔哈特区12至23个月大儿童的免疫接种覆盖率。采用了横断面方法,通过30群集抽样法抽取了210名儿童作为样本。使用结构化问卷收集有关社会经济特征、疫苗接种、疫苗接种史、疫苗剂量和疫苗接种记录的信息。根据母亲提供的接种史,卡介苗、百白破-3、脊髓灰质炎三价疫苗和麻疹疫苗的接种覆盖率分别为96.7%、90.0%、97.6%和78.1%。通过分析抽样的乡村发展委员会(VDC)的记录,相同疫苗的接种覆盖率分别为88.1%、78.1%、79.0%、73.8%。卡介苗与麻疹疫苗的接种率下降幅度也非常大。地区卫生办公室(DHO)的报告显示的接种覆盖率明显高于调查获得的接种覆盖率,表明目标儿童数量有所增加。