Selenium status in patients with aspirin-induced asthma.

BACKGROUND

Platelets are involved in the pathogenesis of aspirin-induced asthma (AIA). AIA patients suffer from an active disease despite avoidance of aspirin, and it has been suggested that administration of aspirin to these patients increases the generation of immediate oxygen products of arachidonic acid, 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HPETE), in their platelets. 12-HPETE further activates the 5-lipoxygenase of leukotriene B4-producing inflammatory macrophages precipitating an acute asthmatic attack. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) has the antioxidant capacity to reduce 12-HPETE, and thus modulate the arachidonic acid metabolic cascade. There is evidence that selenium (Se) nutrition can influence asthma but Se status in AIA patients has not received much attention.

METHODS

We measured Se concentrations and GPX activities in platelets and plasma from 13 patients with AIA. Age- and sex-matched healthy individuals served as the control group.

RESULTS

Patients with AIA had significantly higher median platelet Se concentration (102 ng/mg platelet protein) when compared with controls (49 ng/mg platelet protein, P = 0.003). Plasma Se concentrations in patients with AIA and controls were not significantly different (P = 0.59). Median platelet GPX activity was significantly higher in patients with AIA (102.7 mU/mg platelet protein) than in controls (66 mU/mg protein) (P = 0.05). The patient and control groups when combined showed weak, but significant correlation between platelet Se concentration and platelet GPX activity (r = 0.44; P = 0.03).

CONCLUSION

It is proposed that the higher platelet Se concentration observed in AIA patients contributed to the higher platelet GPX activity seen in these patients. Such an enhanced antioxidant defence system might represent an adaptive response to protect against increasing free radical production by inflammatory cells in AIA and help decelerate ongoing respiratory hypersensitivity.