Natali C, Curtis J L, Suarez L, Millman E J
Department of Psychiatry, Harlem Hospital Center, New York, NY 10037.
J Natl Med Assoc. 1991 May;83(5):434-8.
The preliminary observation that heavy drinking and smoking produced oral mucosal changes consisting of splotchy areas of depigmentation surrounded by hyperpigmentation was tested. The study population was comprised of 52 patients from an alcohol detoxification ward, who were compared with 54 patients from psychiatric inpatient and day hospital services. Structured interviewing was developed for both samples of patients who met either diagnostic criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence, or criteria for alcoholism on the Short Form of the Michigan Alcohol Screening Test, and were identified as nonsmokers or as those who smoked one to three or more packs of cigarettes a day. Photographs of the inner surface of the lips, oral mucosa, and gingivae independently were rated for severity of oral pigment change by two raters blind to a patient's alcohol or smoking history. This study demonstrates that reported observable oral pigment changes identify patients who are heavy smokers and drinkers, and may be a useful diagnostic sign.
对大量饮酒和吸烟会导致口腔黏膜出现色素沉着变化（表现为色素脱失的斑点状区域被色素沉着包围）这一初步观察结果进行了验证。研究对象包括来自戒酒病房的52名患者，他们与来自精神科住院部和日间医院的54名患者进行了比较。针对符合酒精滥用或依赖诊断标准，或在密歇根酒精筛查测试简表中符合酗酒标准，且被确定为不吸烟者或每天吸烟1至3包或更多包的两组患者样本，都开展了结构化访谈。由两名对患者的饮酒或吸烟史不知情的评估人员，分别对嘴唇内表面、口腔黏膜和牙龈的照片进行口腔色素变化严重程度的评分。这项研究表明，报告中可观察到的口腔色素变化可识别出大量吸烟和饮酒的患者，可能是一个有用的诊断体征。
