Prenatal diagnosis and genetic screening--integration into prenatal care.

In the last 3 decades, perinatal medicine has made tremendous advances in scientific knowledge and in the successful application of this knowledge toward understanding the fetal aspects of pregnancy. Evaluation of the health of the fetus and screening for birth defects has become an important part of prenatal care. This article provides an overview of birth defects and the various screening methods for diagnosing birth defects before birth. It also discusses the role of preconception genetic screening.