Shpakov Alexander O, Pertseva Marianna N
Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Int Rev Cell Mol Biol. 2008;269:151-282. doi: 10.1016/S1937-6448(08)01004-6.
Making progress in the study of hormone-sensitive signaling systems in vertebrates and human requires a better understanding of how chemosignaling systems in lower eukaryotes originated and how molecular mechanisms of signal transduction via these systems function. This review is devoted to the structural-functional organization of chemosignaling systems and their components in unicellular organisms such as Dictyostelium discoideum, yeasts and related fungi, flagellates, and ciliates. The attention is focused on receptors of the serpentine type, heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins and adenylyl and guanylyl cyclases, generators of cAMP and cGMP, present in various forms in a majority of eukaryotic signaling systems coupled with G proteins. Signaling systems involving the receptor component not coupled with G proteins, the receptor forms of adenylyl and guanylyl cyclases of Trypanosoma and ciliates, in particular, are also analyzed. A comparison of signal transduction systems of lower and higher eukaryotes revealed a number of peculiarities and similarities between them. The problem of evolution of chemosignaling systems in lower eukaryotes is viewed through the authors' hypothesis about the prokaryotic genesis of the systems.
要在脊椎动物和人类激素敏感信号系统的研究中取得进展，需要更好地理解低等真核生物中的化学信号系统是如何起源的，以及通过这些系统进行信号转导的分子机制是如何发挥作用的。本综述致力于研究单细胞生物，如盘基网柄菌、酵母及相关真菌、鞭毛虫和纤毛虫中化学信号系统及其组成部分的结构 - 功能组织。重点关注大多数与G蛋白偶联的真核信号系统中以各种形式存在的蛇形受体、异源三聚体GTP结合蛋白以及腺苷酸环化酶和鸟苷酸环化酶，它们分别是cAMP和cGMP的生成器。还特别分析了涉及不与G蛋白偶联的受体成分的信号系统，如锥虫和纤毛虫中腺苷酸环化酶和鸟苷酸环化酶的受体形式。对低等和高等真核生物信号转导系统的比较揭示了它们之间的一些独特之处和相似之处。作者通过关于这些系统的原核起源假说探讨了低等真核生物中化学信号系统的进化问题。
