Scharf Matthew T, Naidoo Nirinjini, Zimmerman John E, Pack Allan I
Center for Sleep and Respiratory Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Translational Research Building, Suite 2100, 125 S. 31st Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3403, USA.
Prog Neurobiol. 2008 Nov;86(3):264-80. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2008.08.003. Epub 2008 Sep 3.
One of the proposed functions of sleep is to replenish energy stores in the brain that have been depleted during wakefulness. Benington and Heller formulated a version of the energy hypothesis of sleep in terms of the metabolites adenosine and glycogen. They postulated that during wakefulness, adenosine increases and astrocytic glycogen decreases reflecting the increased energetic demand of wakefulness. We review recent studies on adenosine and glycogen stimulated by this hypothesis. We also discuss other evidence that wakefulness is an energetic challenge to the brain including the unfolded protein response, the electron transport chain, NPAS2, AMP-activated protein kinase, the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle, production of reactive oxygen species and uncoupling proteins. We believe the available evidence supports the notion that wakefulness is an energetic challenge to the brain, and that sleep restores energy balance in the brain, although the mechanisms by which this is accomplished are considerably more complex than envisaged by Benington and Heller.
睡眠的一个推测功能是补充大脑中在清醒时已耗尽的能量储备。贝宁顿和赫勒根据代谢物腺苷和糖原提出了睡眠能量假说的一个版本。他们推测，在清醒期间，腺苷增加而星形胶质细胞糖原减少，这反映了清醒时能量需求的增加。我们回顾了受该假说启发的关于腺苷和糖原的近期研究。我们还讨论了其他证据，这些证据表明清醒对大脑是一种能量挑战，包括未折叠蛋白反应、电子传递链、NPAS2、AMP激活的蛋白激酶、星形胶质细胞-神经元乳酸穿梭、活性氧的产生和解偶联蛋白。我们认为现有证据支持这样一种观点，即清醒对大脑是一种能量挑战，而睡眠可恢复大脑中的能量平衡，尽管实现这一过程的机制比贝宁顿和赫勒所设想的要复杂得多。
