Surgery for hyperthyroidism.

Surgical treatment of hyperthyroidism requires an understanding of the pathophysiology of thyrotoxicosis and of differentiating hyperthyroidism from non-hyperthyroid causes of thyrotoxicosis. The surgeon must determine or confirm the etiology of the patient's hyperthyroidism for surgical planning and ensure that surgery is indicated. Furthermore, preoperative preparation with appropriate medication is essential for minimizing intraoperative and postoperative complications. This chapter outlines the differential diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis, preoperative evaluation and preparation for surgery.