Weiss Karl Heinz, Lozoya Javier Carbajo, Tuma Sabine, Gotthardt Daniel, Reichert Jürgen, Ehehalt Robert, Stremmel Wolfgang, Füllekrug Joachim
Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Am J Pathol. 2008 Dec;173(6):1783-94. doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.071134. Epub 2008 Oct 30.
Wilson disease is a genetic disorder of copper metabolism. Impaired biliary excretion results in a gradual accumulation of copper, which leads to severe disease. The specific gene defect lies in the Wilson disease protein, ATP7B, a copper-transporting ATPase that is highly active in hepatocytes. The two major functions of ATP7B in the liver are the copper loading of ceruloplasmin in the Golgi apparatus, and the excretion of excess copper into the bile. In response to elevated copper levels, ATP7B shows a unique intracellular trafficking pattern that is required for copper excretion from the Golgi apparatus into dispersed vesicles. We analyzed the translocation of ATP7B by both confocal microscopy and RNA interference, testing current models that suggest the involvement of Murr1/COMMD1 and Rab7 in this pathway. We found that although the ATP7B translocation is conserved among nonhepatic cell lines, there is no co-localization with Murr1/COMMD1 or the Rab marker proteins of the endolysosomal system. Consistent with this finding, the translocation of ATP7B was not impaired by the depletion of either Murr1/COMMD1 or Rab7, or by a dominant-negative Rab7 mutant. In conclusion, our data suggest that the translocation of ATP7B takes place independently of Rab7-regulated endosomal traffic events. Murr1/COMMD1 plays a role in a later step of the copper excretion pathway but is not involved in the translocation of the Wilson disease protein.
威尔逊病是一种铜代谢的遗传性疾病。胆汁排泄受损导致铜逐渐蓄积,进而引发严重疾病。具体的基因缺陷在于威尔逊病蛋白ATP7B,这是一种在肝细胞中高度活跃的铜转运ATP酶。ATP7B在肝脏中的两个主要功能是在高尔基体中为铜蓝蛋白加载铜,以及将过量的铜排泄到胆汁中。为应对升高的铜水平,ATP7B呈现出一种独特的细胞内运输模式,这是铜从高尔基体排泄到分散小泡所必需的。我们通过共聚焦显微镜和RNA干扰分析了ATP7B的易位,测试了当前认为Murr1/COMMD1和Rab7参与该途径的模型。我们发现,尽管ATP7B的易位在非肝细胞系中是保守的,但它与Murr1/COMMD1或内溶酶体系统的Rab标记蛋白没有共定位。与此发现一致,Murr1/COMMD1或Rab7的缺失,或显性负性Rab7突变体均未损害ATP7B的易位。总之,我们的数据表明,ATP7B的易位独立于Rab7调节的内体运输事件发生。Murr1/COMMD1在铜排泄途径的后期步骤中起作用,但不参与威尔逊病蛋白的易位。