Sztajzel J, Jung M, Sievert K, Bayes De Luna A
Cardiology Service, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2008 Dec;48(4):495-501.
Physical training and sport activity have a beneficial effect on cardiac autonomic activity. However, the exact impact of different types of sports disciplines on cardiac autonomic function is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiac autonomic profile in different sports discplines and to determine their impact on cardiac autonomic function by using heart rate variability (HRV), a noninvasive electrocardiographic (ECG) analysis of the sympatho-vagal balance.
Temporal and spectral HRV parameters determined from 24-hour continuous ECG monitoring were studied in 40 subjects, including 12 endurance athletes, 14 hockey players and 14 untrained male volunteers (control group). Each participant had to wear a Holter recorder during 24 hours and to continue his everyday activities. All HRV parameters were compared between the 3 study groups.
All heart rate values were lower and all parasympathetic-related time domain indices, including root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and pNN50 (NN50 count divided by the total number of all NN intervals), were higher in both athletes groups as compared with controls (P<0.05). However, standard deviation of all NN intervals (SDNN) values, which determine global HRV, were significantly higher only in endurance athletes (P<0.05). Furthermore, the power spectral components low frequency (LF), a mixture of both autonomic inputs, and HF (high frequency), a marker of vagal modulation, were significantly higher with a resulting lower LF/HF ratio in both athletes groups as compared to controls (P<0.05).
Both endurance and team playing athletic activity induce during all-day a high parasympathetic tone (higher RMSSD, pNN50 and HF, and lower LF/HF ratio). However, only endurance athletic activity has a particularly high global HRV (higher SDNN), indicating thereby that this type sports discipline may have a more substantially favorable effect on the cardiac autonomic profile.
体育锻炼和体育活动对心脏自主神经活动具有有益影响。然而，不同类型体育项目对心脏自主神经功能的确切影响仍不明确。本研究的目的是评估不同体育项目中的心脏自主神经特征，并通过心率变异性（HRV）（一种对交感 - 迷走神经平衡进行无创心电图（ECG）分析的方法）来确定它们对心脏自主神经功能的影响。
对40名受试者进行了研究，通过24小时连续心电图监测来确定时域和频域HRV参数，其中包括12名耐力运动员、14名曲棍球运动员和14名未经训练的男性志愿者（对照组）。每位参与者必须在24小时内佩戴动态心电图记录仪，并继续其日常活动。对3个研究组之间的所有HRV参数进行了比较。
与对照组相比，两个运动员组的所有心率值均较低，所有与副交感神经相关的时域指标，包括逐搏间期的均方根（RMSSD）和pNN50（NN50计数除以所有NN间期总数）均较高（P<0.05）。然而，决定整体HRV的所有NN间期标准差（SDNN）值仅在耐力运动员中显著更高（P<0.05）。此外，与对照组相比，两个运动员组中作为自主神经输入混合指标的低频（LF）功率谱成分和作为迷走神经调节指标的高频（HF）功率谱成分均显著更高，导致LF/HF比值更低（P<0.05）。
耐力运动和团队运动在一整天中均会诱发较高的副交感神经张力（较高的RMSSD、pNN50和HF，以及较低的LF/HF比值）。然而，只有耐力运动具有特别高的整体HRV（较高的SDNN），这表明这种类型的体育项目可能对心脏自主神经特征具有更显著的有利影响。
