Weinhardt Janice, Hazelett Susan, Barrett Dawn, Lada Robert, Enos Trish, Keleman Rick
Summa Health System Hospital, Akron, OH, USA.
Rehabil Nurs. 2008 Nov-Dec;33(6):247-52. doi: 10.1002/j.2048-7940.2008.tb00236.x.
Evidence-based guidelines suggest that stroke patients should be screened for dysphagia before oral intake. The purpose of this study was to validate a dysphagia screening tool comparing registered nurses (RNs) with speech therapists (STs). All stroke unit patients who received predetermined scores on specific items of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale were eligible for screening. The trial consisted of three parts (with swallow, cough, and vocal quality observed during each part): 1 teaspoon lemon ice, 1 teaspoon applesauce, and 1 teaspoon water RNs performed five screenings that were compared with independent screenings performed on the same patient within 1 hour by a speech therapist (ST). Eighty-three paired screenings were completed, with 94% agreement between the RNs and the STs. This screening identifies patients who are able to swallow and can eat from a safe menu until formally evaluated by an ST while maintaining nothing by mouth (NPO) status for those at risk for aspiration.
循证指南建议,中风患者在经口摄入食物前应进行吞咽困难筛查。本研究的目的是验证一种吞咽困难筛查工具,并比较注册护士(RN)和言语治疗师(ST)的筛查结果。所有在美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表特定项目上获得预定分数的卒中单元患者均符合筛查条件。试验包括三个部分(每个部分观察吞咽、咳嗽和声音质量):1茶匙柠檬冰、1茶匙苹果酱和1茶匙水。注册护士进行了五次筛查,并与言语治疗师在1小时内对同一患者进行的独立筛查进行比较。共完成了83对筛查,注册护士和言语治疗师之间的一致性为94%。这种筛查可识别出能够吞咽并能从安全菜单进食的患者,直到由言语治疗师进行正式评估,同时对有误吸风险的患者保持禁食状态。