Marti Eliane, Ehrensperger Felix, Burger Dominik, Ousey Jennifer, Day Michael J, Wilson A Douglas
Division of Clinical Research, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Bremgartenstr. 109a, P.O. Box, 3001-Berne, Switzerland.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2009 Feb 15;127(3-4):203-11. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.316. Epub 2008 Oct 19.
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediates the immune response to parasites, but can also cause allergies. In humans maternal IgE is not transferred to cord blood and high levels of cord blood IgE are associated with subsequent allergy. In horses, both maternal IgG and IgE are transferred via colostrum; the IgE levels in the mare's serum, the colostrum and the foal's serum are correlated but the consequences of IgE transfer to foals are not known. By about 6 weeks of age the levels of IgE in foal serum have dropped to a nadir, at 6 months of age the level of IgE has risen only very slightly and is no longer correlated with the levels seen at birth, IgE(+) B-cells could be detected in lymphoid follicles of some foals at this age. Surprisingly, the levels of total IgE detected in a foals serum at 6 months of age are significantly correlated with the level in its serum at 1, 2 and even 3 years of age suggesting that by 6 months of age the foals are synthesizing IgE and that a pattern of relatively higher or lower total serum IgE has been established. The neonatal intestinal mucosa contained connective tissue mast cells which stained for bound IgE in foals up to 9 weeks of age but not mucosal mast cells, thereafter, the intestinal mast cells were IgE negative until 6 months of age. IgE antibodies to Culicoides nubeculosus salivary antigens were detected in Swiss born foals from imported Icelandic mares allergic to Culicoides spp. yet the foals showed no signs of skin sensitization and such second generation foals are known not to have an increased risk of developing allergy to Culicoides. Overall this evidence suggests there is a minimal effector role of maternal IgE also that maternal IgE has waned prior to the onset of IgE synthesis in foals and does not support maternal priming of IgE responses in foals. Furthermore the total levels of IgE in any given foal are seen to be relatively high or low from soon after the onset of IgE synthesis, and most likely they are determined by genetic factors.
免疫球蛋白E（IgE）介导对寄生虫的免疫反应，但也可引发过敏反应。在人类中，母体IgE不会转移至脐带血，而脐带血中高水平的IgE与随后发生的过敏反应相关。在马中，母体IgG和IgE均通过初乳传递；母马血清、初乳和马驹血清中的IgE水平相关，但IgE传递给马驹的后果尚不清楚。到约6周龄时，马驹血清中的IgE水平降至最低点，6月龄时IgE水平仅略有上升，且不再与出生时的水平相关，此时在一些马驹的淋巴滤泡中可检测到IgE（+）B细胞。令人惊讶的是，6月龄马驹血清中检测到的总IgE水平与其1岁、2岁甚至3岁时血清中的水平显著相关，这表明到6月龄时马驹开始合成IgE，并且已建立了相对较高或较低的总血清IgE模式。新生马驹的肠道黏膜含有结缔组织肥大细胞，在9周龄以下的马驹中，这些细胞可被结合的IgE染色，但黏膜肥大细胞则不然，此后，肠道肥大细胞在6月龄前一直为IgE阴性。在对库蠓属过敏的进口冰岛母马所生的瑞士马驹中，检测到了针对朦胧库蠓唾液抗原的IgE抗体，但这些马驹未表现出皮肤致敏迹象，且已知此类第二代马驹发生库蠓过敏的风险并未增加。总体而言，这些证据表明母体IgE的效应作用极小，而且母体IgE在马驹开始合成IgE之前就已消退，不支持母体启动马驹的IgE反应。此外，在任何给定马驹中，IgE合成开始后不久，其总IgE水平就相对较高或较低，很可能是由遗传因素决定的。
