Jørgensen Henry, Brandt Kirsten, Lauridsen Charlotte
Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Nutrition, Aarhus University, Research Centre Foulum, PO Box 50, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
Nutr Res. 2008 Dec;28(12):866-78. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2008.09.012.
The aim of the study was to measure protein utilization and energy value of dried apple, carrot, kale, pea, and potato prepared for human consumption and grown in 2 consecutive years with 3 different farming systems: (1) low input of fertilizer without pesticides (LIminusP), (2) low input of fertilizers and high input of pesticides (LIplusP), (3) and high input of fertilizers and high input of pesticides (HIplusP). In addition, the study goal was to verify the nutritional values, taking into consideration the physiologic state. In experiment 1, the nutritive values, including protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score, were determined in single ingredients in trials with young rats (3-4 weeks) as recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization for all age groups. A second experiment was carried out with adult rats to assess the usefulness of digestibility values to predict the digestibility and nutritive value of mixed diets and study the age aspect. Each plant material was included in the diet with protein-free basal mixtures or casein to contain 10% dietary protein. The results showed that variations in protein utilization and energy value determined on single ingredients between cultivation strategies were inconsistent and smaller than between harvest years. Overall, dietary crude fiber was negatively correlated with energy digestibility. The energy value of apple, kale, and pea was lower than expected from literature values. A mixture of plant ingredients fed to adult rats showed lower protein digestibility and higher energy digestibility than predicted. The protein digestibility data obtained using young rats in the calculation of protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score overestimates protein digestibility and quality and underestimates energy value for mature rats. The present study provides new data on protein utilization and energy digestibility of some typical plant foods that may contribute new information for databases on food quality. Growing year but not cultivation system influenced the protein quality and energy value of the vegetables and fruit typical for human consumption.
本研究的目的是测定为人类食用而种植的苹果干、胡萝卜、羽衣甘蓝、豌豆和土豆的蛋白质利用率和能量值，这些作物连续两年采用三种不同的种植系统种植：（1）低肥料投入且不使用农药（LI减P），（2）低肥料投入且高农药投入（LI加P），（3）高肥料投入且高农药投入（HI加P）。此外，研究目标是在考虑生理状态的情况下验证营养价值。在实验1中，按照联合国粮食及农业组织/世界卫生组织针对所有年龄组的建议，在幼鼠（3 - 4周龄）试验中测定了单一成分的营养价值，包括蛋白质消化率校正氨基酸评分。进行了第二项实验，使用成年大鼠来评估消化率值预测混合日粮消化率和营养价值的有效性，并研究年龄因素。每种植物材料都与无蛋白基础混合物或酪蛋白一起包含在日粮中，以使日粮蛋白质含量达到10%。结果表明，种植策略之间单一成分的蛋白质利用率和能量值变化不一致，且小于收获年份之间的变化。总体而言，日粮粗纤维与能量消化率呈负相关。苹果、羽衣甘蓝和豌豆的能量值低于文献值预期。喂食成年大鼠的植物成分混合物显示出比预测值更低的蛋白质消化率和更高的能量消化率。在计算蛋白质消化率校正氨基酸评分时使用幼鼠获得的蛋白质消化率数据高估了成年大鼠的蛋白质消化率和质量，低估了能量值。本研究提供了一些典型植物性食物蛋白质利用率和能量消化率的新数据，可能为食物质量数据库提供新信息。种植年份而非种植系统影响了人类食用的蔬菜和水果的蛋白质质量和能量值。
