Grünblatt Edna
University of Würzburg, Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Neurochemistry Laboratory, Füchsleinstr. 15, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany.
Expert Rev Neurother. 2008 Dec;8(12):1865-77. doi: 10.1586/14737175.8.12.1865.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are neurodegenerative diseases that have a tremendous impact on the lives of affected individuals. There is a great probability of developing concurrent parkinsonism in AD and vice versa than would be predicted by independent prevalence of each disease. Both diseases have genetic familial forms with a prevalence of less than 5-10%, but the majority of the cases are sporadic. Several hypotheses exist regarding the etiology of these diseases, such as oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, ubiquitin-proteasome system dysfunction, energy deficits, cell cycle deficiencies and glutamate exitotoxicities. Since diagnosis occurs in late-stage disease after neuronal loss, it decreases the opportunity for neuroprotective/neurorestorative therapies. Therefore, early and specific diagnosis is required as well as new therapy approaches for the growing burden of AD and PD.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）和帕金森病（PD）是神经退行性疾病，对受影响个体的生活产生巨大影响。与每种疾病独立患病率所预测的情况相比，AD患者并发帕金森症以及反之亦然的可能性更大。这两种疾病都有遗传家族形式，患病率低于5%-10%，但大多数病例是散发性的。关于这些疾病的病因存在多种假说，如氧化应激、炎症过程、泛素-蛋白酶体系统功能障碍、能量缺乏、细胞周期缺陷和谷氨酸兴奋性毒性。由于诊断在神经元丧失后的疾病晚期进行，这减少了神经保护/神经恢复治疗的机会。因此，对于AD和PD日益加重的负担，需要早期和特异性诊断以及新的治疗方法。
