Gama-Flores José Luis, Sarma S S S, Nandini S
Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Campus Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Mexico.
J Environ Sci Health B. 2009 Jan;44(1):86-93. doi: 10.1080/03601230802519827.
Cohort life table experiments were conducted on M. macrocopa using copper at three nominal concentrations (as CuSO(4), 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg L(- 1), in addition to controls) for different periods of exposure (3 to 24 h). Age-specific survivorship of M. macrocopa decreased in relation to age of the cohort, concentration and duration of exposure to copper. Age-specific life expectancy curves also decreased with increasing age of the cohort. However, at low copper levels and shorter exposure time, there was an increase in life expectancy when the cohort was about 10 day old. Fecundity (m(x)) was nearly regular in controls; however, at higher copper levels and longer duration of exposure, the offspring production was more oscillating. The offspring production completely ceased when continuously exposed to CuSO(4) at 0.4 mg L(- 1). Most of the measured demography variables significantly decreased with increasing concentration of Cu in the medium. The average lifespan and life expectancy at birth varied 2.9 to 9.6 and 2.4 to 9.1 days, respectively. Gross reproductive rate (GRR) varied from 31 to 89 offspring female(- 1) lifespan(- 1), while the survival-weighted net reproductive rates were nearly one-third of the GRR. Generation time of M. macrocopa varied from 5 to 7 days while the rate of population increase ranged from 0.36 to 0.84 per day. The results are discussed in relation to the sensitivity of M. macrocopa to copper toxicity and the necessity of amending the national water quality criteria in Mexico.
使用三种标称浓度（以硫酸铜计，分别为0.1、0.2和0.4 mg L(-1)，另设对照组）的铜，对大型溞进行了不同暴露时长（3至24小时）的队列生命表实验。大型溞的年龄特异性存活率随队列年龄、铜浓度和暴露时长而降低。年龄特异性预期寿命曲线也随队列年龄增加而下降。然而，在低铜水平和较短暴露时间下，当队列约10日龄时预期寿命会增加。对照组的繁殖力（m(x)）几乎呈规律状态；然而，在较高铜水平和较长暴露时长下，后代产量波动更大。当持续暴露于0.4 mg L(-1)的硫酸铜时，后代产量完全停止。随着培养基中铜浓度的增加，大多数测量的种群统计学变量显著下降。平均寿命和出生时的预期寿命分别在2.9至9.6天和2.4至9.1天之间变化。总繁殖率（GRR）在31至89后代·雌性(-1)·寿命(-1)之间变化，则存活加权净繁殖率几乎是总繁殖率的三分之一。大型溞的世代时间在5至7天之间变化，而种群增长率在每天0.36至0.84之间变化。结合大型溞对铜毒性的敏感性以及修订墨西哥国家水质标准的必要性对结果进行了讨论。
