Givens D I, De Boever J L, Deaville E R
Feed Evaluation and Nutritional Sciences, ADAS Dairy Research Centre, Alcester Road, Stratford-on-Avon, CV37 9RQ, UK.
Nutr Res Rev. 1997 Jan;10(1):83-114. doi: 10.1079/NRR19970006.
The current application and future potential of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in the evaluation of foods for domesticated animals and humans is enormous. Where used, NIR spectroscopy has revolutionized the analysis and nutritional evaluation of animal feeds and human foods by providing a rapid means of examination. The availability of accurate and rapid methods of evaluation is becoming increasingly important to meet the nutritional requirements of animals for meat, milk, wool and egg production. This is essential for efficient and economic animal production, to maintain animal health and to minimize environmental impact. Accurate evaluation methods are also needed in relation to national and international legislation that regulates the circulation, trade and inspection of foods and feeds, aids effective functioning of the market and guards the safety of animals and humans. The aim of this review is to outline the theory and principles of NIR spectroscopy and to focus primarily on its application in the field of animal nutrition. The vital role NIR spectroscopy is playing in the prediction of biologically meaningful feed characteristics, including data derived in vivo, is demonstrated particularly through its application to forage evaluation, but also in the examination of raw materials and compound feeds. While the applications of NIR spectroscopy to different foods and drinks are extensive, this review gives an overview only of selected reported applications including its use for predicting nutritive value (mainly water, protein, fat, sucrose and starch content), monitoring food processing and for food authentication. The review provides clear evidence that the future application of NIR spectroscopy will undoubtedly increase, playing a vital role in the authentication of the quality and origin of foods and feeds and enabling the complex methods of feed evaluation required in the future to be put into widespread use.
近红外（NIR）光谱技术在评估家畜和人类食物方面的当前应用及未来潜力巨大。在其应用的领域，近红外光谱技术通过提供一种快速检测手段，彻底改变了动物饲料和人类食物的分析及营养评估方式。准确且快速的评估方法对于满足动物在肉类、奶类、羊毛和蛋类生产方面的营养需求变得愈发重要。这对于高效且经济的动物生产、维持动物健康以及将环境影响降至最低至关重要。在涉及规范食品和饲料流通、贸易及检验的国家和国际法规方面，准确的评估方法也是必要的，有助于市场有效运转并保障动物和人类的安全。本综述的目的是概述近红外光谱技术的理论和原理，并主要聚焦于其在动物营养领域的应用。近红外光谱技术在预测具有生物学意义的饲料特性（包括体内获得的数据）方面发挥的关键作用，尤其通过其在牧草评估中的应用得以体现，同时在原材料和复合饲料检测中也有体现。虽然近红外光谱技术在不同食品和饮料中的应用广泛，但本综述仅对部分已报道的应用进行概述，包括其用于预测营养价值（主要是水分、蛋白质、脂肪、蔗糖和淀粉含量）、监测食品加工以及食品认证。该综述提供了明确证据，表明近红外光谱技术的未来应用无疑将会增加，在食品和饲料质量及产地认证方面发挥至关重要的作用，并使未来所需的复杂饲料评估方法得以广泛应用。
