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丢勒的《梅毒患者》描绘的是谁?

Who is Dürer's "Syphilitic Man"?

作者信息

Eisler Colin T

机构信息

NewYork University Institute of Fine Arts, 1 East 78th Street, NewYork, NY 10075, USA.

出版信息

Perspect Biol Med. 2009 Winter;52(1):48-60. doi: 10.1353/pbm.0.0065.

Abstract

Among Albrecht Dürer's first known woodcuts is one showing a syphilitic man. The Nuremberg artist's image is the earliest known depiction of an individual suffering from this illness. Syphilis was probably brought by Conquistadores from the New World to Naples in the later 1490s and was then transmitted throughout Western Europe by Northern mercenaries (Landsknechten) returning from Italy to their native Germany and Switzerland. The attire worn by Dürer's Syphilitic Man is exactly that of the Landsknecht. This makes the image important not only as a very early work by the artist and the earliest image of a syphilitic, but also as a depiction of the agent of the disease. The young Dürer had ample opportunity to study such mercenaries during his journeyman years in present-day Switzerland and Strasbourg, since most of them came from precisely the same impoverished territories.

摘要

阿尔布雷希特·丢勒最早为人所知的木刻作品之一描绘了一名梅毒患者。这位纽伦堡艺术家的这幅画像,是已知最早描绘患有这种疾病个体的作品。梅毒很可能是在15世纪90年代后期由征服者从新大陆带到那不勒斯,然后由从意大利返回其祖国德国和瑞士的北欧雇佣军(长枪兵)传播到整个西欧。丢勒笔下梅毒患者所穿的服饰正是长枪兵的服饰。这使得这幅画像不仅作为艺术家的早期作品以及梅毒患者的最早画像具有重要意义,还作为对这种疾病传播媒介的描绘而具有重要价值。年轻的丢勒在如今的瑞士和斯特拉斯堡当学徒期间,有充足的机会研究这些雇佣军,因为他们大多来自完全相同的贫困地区。

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